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Chromomeres, Topologically Associating Domains and Structural Organization of Chromatin Bodies in Somatic Nuclei (Macronuclei) of Ciliates.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
November 2024
Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Background: In the twentieth century, the textbook idea of packaging genomic material in the cell nucleus and metaphase chromosomes was the presence of a hierarchy of structural levels of chromatin organization: nucleosomes - nucleosomal fibrils -30 nm fibrils - chromomeres - chromonemata - mitotic chromosomes. Chromomeres were observed in partially decondensed chromosomes and interphase chromatin as ~100 nm globular structures. They were thought to consist of loops of chromatin fibres attached at their bases to a central protein core.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTaxonomic Identification of Ligustrum foliosum Nakai: A Comprehensive Study of Macro- and Micromorphology.
Microsc Res Tech
February 2025
Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea.
Ligustrum foliosum Nakai, a species endemic to South Korea, is a member of the Oleaceae family. This study provides a comprehensive taxonomic identification of L. foliosum based on its macro- and micromorphological characteristics, particularly focusing on the leaf foliar epidermal taxonomy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStructural basis for human OGG1 processing 8-oxodGuo within nucleosome core particles.
Nat Commun
October 2024
State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Base excision repair (BER) is initialized by DNA glycosylases, which recognize and flip damaged bases out of the DNA duplex into the enzymes active site, followed by cleavage of the glycosidic bond. Recent studies have revealed that all types of DNA glycosylases repair base lesions less efficiently within nucleosomes, and their repair activity is highly depended on the lesion's location within the nucleosome. To reveal the underlying molecular mechanism of this phenomenon, we determine the 3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding primary ciliary dyskinesia.
Pediatr Pulmonol
October 2024
Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, inherited disease characterized by impaired motile ciliary function leading to chronic sinopulmonary disease, persistent middle ear effusions, laterality defects, and subfertility. Over fifty PCD-associated genes have also been identified, which have provided new insights into the processes involved into ciliary assembly, structure, and function. Historically, the diagnosis of PCD was based on the presence of ultrastructural defects in the ciliary axoneme but with identification of a growing number of disease-associated genes, genetic testing has become a first-line diagnostic tool.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetic etiological spectrum of sperm morphological abnormalities.
J Assist Reprod Genet
November 2024
Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
Article Synopsis
- Male infertility can be caused by various factors, including genetic mutations leading to structural sperm defects known as teratozoospermia, which affect sperm count and motility.
- A literature review categorized genes associated with sperm defects based on the types of abnormalities they cause and the evidence from human studies alongside mouse models.
- The review identified 31 genes causing defects in sperm heads and 62 genes linked to sperm tail defects, highlighting the complex genetic basis of teratozoospermia.
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