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HIV-1 Vif global diversity and possible APOBEC-mediated response since 1980.
Virus Evol
December 2024
U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
HIV-1 Vif's principal function is to counter the antiretroviral activities of DNA-editing APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases. Unconstrained APOBEC3 activity introduces premature stop codons in HIV-1 genes and can lead to viral inactivation. To investigate the evolution and diversification of Vif over the HIV-1 pandemic and document evidence of APOBEC3-mediated pressure, we analyzed 4612 publicly available sequences derived from 10 dominant subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) using the Hervé platform.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA dynamic mass balance model was developed to simulate contamination dynamics in the process water of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVH) during processing and handling operations. The mass balance relates to the flux of water and product in a wash tank and the number of microbial cells released in the water, inactivated by the water disinfectant or transferred from the water back to the product. Critical variables describing microbial dynamics in water are: (i) the chemical oxygen demand (COD), as an indicator of the concentration of organic matter; (ii) free chlorine (FC) and particularly its antimicrobial fraction, hypochlorous acid (HOCl); and (iii) the microbial population levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCompetitive behaviors in Serratia marcescens are coordinately regulated by a lifestyle switch frequently inactivated in the clinical environment.
Cell Host Microbe
January 2025
School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK. Electronic address:
Opportunistic bacterial pathogens must compete with other bacteria and switch between host- and environment-adapted states. Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) occur widely in gram-negative bacteria and can efficiently kill neighboring competitors. We determined the distribution of T6SSs across the genus Serratia and observed that a highly conserved antibacterial T6SS is differentially active between closely related clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCold induces brain region-selective cell activity-dependent lipid metabolism.
Elife
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States.
It has been well documented that cold is an enhancer of lipid metabolism in peripheral tissues, yet its effect on central nervous system lipid dynamics is underexplored. It is well recognized that cold acclimations enhance adipocyte functions, including white adipose tissue lipid lipolysis and beiging, and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in mammals. However, it remains unclear whether and how lipid metabolism in the brain is also under the control of ambient temperature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInactivation of , and multidrug-resistant with dielectric barrier discharged cold atmospheric plasma: a comparative study with antimicrobial drugs.
J Med Microbiol
January 2025
Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati 781035, Assam, India.
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has emerged as a promising technology for neutralizing microbes, including multidrug-resistant strains. This study investigates CAP's potential as an alternative to traditional antimicrobial drugs for microbial inactivation. In the era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, there is a persistent need for alternative antimicrobial strategies.
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