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Human motivation is organized hierarchically, from proximal (means) to ultimate (ends).
Behav Brain Sci
January 2025
Département d'études cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod, Ecole normale supérieure, Université PSL, EHESS, CNRS, Paris,
Murayama and Jach raise a key problem in behavioral sciences, to which we suggest evolutionary science can provide a solution. We emphasize the role of adaptive mechanisms in shaping behavior and argue for the integration of hierarchical theories of goal-directed cognition and behavioral flexibility, in order to unravel the motivations behind actions that, in themselves, seem disconnected from adaptive goals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBipyramidal gold nanoparticles-assisted plasmonic photothermal therapy for ocular applications.
J Mater Chem B
January 2025
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital and University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) play a key role in the field of nanomedicine due to their fascinating plasmonic properties as well as their great biocompatibility. An intriguing application is the use of plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) mediated by anisotropic AuNPs irradiated with a near-infrared (NIR) laser for treating ocular diseases in ophthalmology. For this purpose, bipyramidal-shaped AuNPs (BipyAu), which were surface-functionalized with three different organic ligands (citrate, polystyrene sulphonate (PSS), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)), were synthesized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElectroacupuncture improves cognitive impairment after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Acupunct Med
January 2025
Combination of Acupuncture and Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.
Objective: Cognitive impairment (CI) is highly prevalent in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway plays a critical role in neuronal survival in a variety of central nervous system injuries. This study aimed to determine whether electroacupuncture (EA) at and LI20 ameliorates SAH-CI in a rat model and to examine whether it modulates the PI3K/AKT pathway by administering a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) versus dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vehicle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA high lipid diet leads to greater pathology and lower tolerance during infection.
J Exp Biol
January 2025
Dept of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA.
Altered food landscapes contribute importantly to wildlife disease dynamics and may play an important role in host heterogeneity in disease outcomes through changes in host diet composition. We explored the effects of dietary macronutrient composition on disease pathology and feeding behavior of canaries (Serinus canaria domestica) infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). In the first experiment, we provided canaries with isocaloric diets comprised of identical ingredients that varied in macronutrient content (high-protein or high-lipid) then MG- or sham-inoculated birds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAu-In Alloy for Excellent Ohmic Contact in GeSe Devices with Enhanced Photodetector Properties.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
Metal-semiconductor contact plays a significant role in devices such as transistors, photoemitters, and photodetectors. Here, the AuIn alloy contact gives a state-of-the-art low (contact resistance) in GeSe devices. The of GeSe-AuIn is measured to be 25 kΩ μm under channel carrier concentration around = 2.
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