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Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning in offspring of parents with a major affective disorder: a meta-analytic review.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry
August 2024
Department of Psychology, Centre for Research in Human Development, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W., Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
Because the offspring of parents with an affective disorder (OAD) are at high risk for developing mental disorders, and persons with an affective disorder (AD) show dysfunctional hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, changes in HPA functioning in OAD might be an etiological risk factor that precedes the development of ADs. The primary aim of the meta-analysis was to quantitatively summarize the existing data on different indices of diurnal cortisol in the OAD. The secondary aim was to explore potential moderators of this relation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEditorial: Combining Genetic and Clinical Predictors of Bipolar Disorder: Towards Improving Diagnostic Precision in Youth.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
November 2024
Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, and University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex, heterogeneous illness, with 60% to 85% of its variance attributed to genetic factors. Adolescence marks the first peak period of risk for the onset of BD, with the initial (hypo)manic episode often preceded by childhood psychopathology, including anxiety and sleep disorders, as well as internalizing symptoms. Given the non-specific nature of childhood antecedents, combined with the prominence of depressive episodes in the early illness course, accurate diagnosis is often delayed by 8 to 10 years from onset.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe burden for clinical services of persons with an intellectual disability or mental disorder convicted of criminal offences: A birth cohort study of 14,605 persons followed to age 64.
Nord J Psychiatry
July 2024
Department of Criminology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Background: Intellectual disability (ID), schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), bipolar disorder (BD), substance use disorder (SUD), and other mental disorders (OMDs) are associated with increased risks of criminality relative to sex-matched individuals without these conditions (NOIDMD). To resource psychiatric, addiction, and social services so as to provide effective treatments, further information is needed about the size of sub-groups convicted of crimes, recidivism, timing of offending, antecedents, and correlates. Stigma of persons with mental disorders could potentially be dramatically reduced if violence was prevented.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLongitudinal studies of bipolar patients and their families: translating findings to advance individualized risk prediction, treatment and research.
Int J Bipolar Disord
April 2024
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Background: Bipolar disorder is a broad diagnostic construct associated with significant phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity challenging progress in clinical practice and discovery research. Prospective studies of well-characterized patients and their family members have identified lithium responsive (LiR) and lithium non-responsive (LiNR) subtypes that hold promise for advancement.
Method: In this narrative review, relevant observations from published longitudinal studies of well-characterized bipolar patients and their families spanning six decades are highlighted.
Antecedents of major depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev
May 2024
Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Quebec, Montreal, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada.
Major depressive, bipolar, or psychotic disorders are preceded by earlier manifestations in behaviours and experiences. We present a synthesis of evidence on associations between person-level antecedents (behaviour, performance, psychopathology) in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood and later onsets of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or psychotic disorder based on prospective studies published up to September 16, 2022. We screened 11,342 records, identified 460 eligible publications, and extracted 570 risk ratios quantifying the relationships between 52 antecedents and onsets in 198 unique samples with prospective follow-up of 122,766 individuals from a mean age of 12.
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