A case with symptomatic erythrocytosis in a female patient with ductus Botalli persistens is described, diagnosed and treated as erythremia vera. The heart disease advanced with no manifestations, with no complaints until the age of 30, whereon it was manifested with certain complaints and objective findings. The inadequate and difficult assessment of some of the clinical, hematological and other data as X-ray of the heart and ECG, contributed to the improper diagnosis. The patient died at the age of 54.
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