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The clinical breakpoint for a drug-pathogen combination reflects the drug susceptibility of the pathogen wild-type population, the location of the infection, the integrity of the host immune response, and the drug-pathogen pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) relationship. That PK/PD relationship, along with the population variability in drug exposure, is used to determine the probability of target attainment (PTA) of the PK/PD index at a specified minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a selected target value. The PTA is used to identify the pharmacodynamic cutoff value (CO), which is one of the three components used to establish the clinical breakpoint.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInhibition of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain isozymes decreases multiple myeloma cell proliferation and causes mitochondrial dysfunction.
Mol Oncol
January 2025
Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable cancer of plasma cells with a 5-year survival rate of 59%. Dysregulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism is associated with MM development and progression; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we explore the roles of long-chain fatty acid coenzyme A ligase (ACSL) family members in MM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcute Effects of a Single Bout of Strength and Endurance Exercise on Vitamin D Metabolites in Young Adults.
Med Sci Sports Exerc
January 2025
Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Trondheim, NORWAY.
Purpose: The effect of exercise on serum concentration of vitamin D metabolites remains inconclusive, with studies reporting deviating results. This study evaluated the acute effect of a single session of two specific exercise forms; strength training (ST) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), on circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), free25(OH)D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and skeletal muscle vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene expression, in healthy adults.
Methods: Thirty-nine participants (19 women and 20 men, age 21-30 years) completed a single bout of ST and HIIT exercise, separated by two weeks.
Dual Mechanisms of Action: Anti-Candida and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Fermentation Broth in Treating Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.
J Fungi (Basel)
December 2024
Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), a condition predominantly caused by , affects millions of women worldwide, prompting the need for alternative treatments due to the side effects and increasing resistance associated with conventional imidazole antifungals. This study investigated VAGINNE, a novel fermentation broth derived from species, as a potential VVC treatment. Using a BALB/c mouse model of infection, we evaluated VAGINNE's effects on vaginal microbiome composition, inflammatory markers, and tissue integrity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrognostic Value of PSMB5 and Correlations with LC3II and Reactive Oxygen Species Levels in the Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells of Bortezomib-Resistant Multiple Myeloma Patients.
Curr Issues Mol Biol
January 2025
Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) constitute the most common type of induction treatment for multiple myeloma. Interactions between the proteasome, autophagy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown in the past, thus emphasizing the need for a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. For this study, bone marrow mononuclear cells from 110 myeloma patients were collected at different disease stages.
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