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Theophylline impact on weaning in oxygen-dependent infants followed in an outpatient Kangaroo Program.
Front Pediatr
August 2024
Research and Projects Department, Kangaroo Foundation, Bogotá, Colombia.
Background: Theophylline was an orally administered xanthine used for treatment of apnea of prematurity and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in ambulatory follow-up of Low-Birth-Weight infants (LBWI) with oxygen-dependency in the outpatient Kangaroo Mother Care Program (KMCP). Theophylline's main metabolic product is caffeine; therefore, it was an alternative due to the frequent lack of ambulatory oral caffeine in low and middle-income countries.
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of oral theophylline in decreasing days with oxygen and to describe frequency of adverse related events.
Protective Effects of Early Neonatal Methylxanthine Treatment on Cognitive and Language Outcomes in Premature Infants with and without High-Risk Perinatal Factors.
Dev Neurosci
July 2024
Department of Psychological Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Division, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
Introduction: Caffeine and theophylline are methylxanthines and nonselective adenosine antagonists commonly used to treat apnea of prematurity. Both human and animal data suggest that xanthines also have clinically important long-term neuroprotective effects in the presence of inflammation in the perinatal period as seen following hypoxic-ischemic brain insults. Moreover, these protective effects appear to be more robust when administered shortly (<48 h) after preterm birth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA narrative review of theophylline: is there still a place for an old friend?
J Thorac Dis
May 2024
Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.
Background And Objective: Theophylline has been used for decades in human medicine for its psychostimulant, anti-inflammatory, and bronchodilator effects. Historically, in pulmonary medicine, theophylline has been used in the treatment of obstructive pulmonary diseases such as bronchial asthma (BA) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review aims to determine whether theophylline still has its place in the therapy of obstructive pulmonary diseases or whether we can even extend its use to other diagnoses such as atropine-resistant cardiac arrests, apnea of prematurity, or others.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Babyccino: The Role of Caffeine in the Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates-A Literature Review.
Healthcare (Basel)
February 2024
Department of Neonatology, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) in neonates is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Theophylline (a methylxanthine) has been shown to prevent neonatal AKI but is seldom used due to its unfavorable profile. Caffeine, another methylxanthine, is utilized ubiquitously to treat apnea of prematurity, but there are no randomized trials evaluating its efficacy in preventing neonatal AKI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImproving rates of successful extubation: Medications.
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med
October 2023
Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - The chapter examines medications used for managing newborns in the critical peri-extubation period, aiming to lower the chances of needing re-intubation and prolonging mechanical ventilation.
- - Caffeine, a methylxanthine, is highlighted as the most effective drug for improving extubation outcomes in preterm infants, while other drugs like doxapram, steroids, and salbutamol are also discussed but lack strong evidence.
- - The text emphasizes that most term infants do not require drug assistance for extubation and suggests that future research should explore caffeine's role in late preterm infants and other medications for complications post-extubation.
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