Following their epidemiological investigation on the cutaneous leishmaniasis focus of Keur Moussa, the authors study the sandfly fauna. The species Phlebotomus duboscqi is abundant (1532 samples out of 8411 sandflies collected between December 1976 and June 1979) and located inside the rodent burrows which have been found to be their larval breeding sites. Five P. duboscqi females out of 356 dissected were infected by Leishmania major promastigotes.
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