A new microsurgical procedure for the induction of thrombosis in rat aorta is described. The method is based on the introduction into the vascular lumen of a small piece of the aortic wall, the so called "aortic flap". A long-lived, platelet-rich arterial thrombus invariably forms on the inserted aortic flap. These thrombi closely resemble human arterial thrombi in structure and subsequent development.
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1Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy.
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Department of Neurosurgery, University of Fukui, Fukui, JPN.
Background Prior to using the exoscope, we speculated that it represented an intermediate tool between a loupe and a microscope and had concerns about its visibility of deep, fine structures. Objective To evaluate the depths of meningioma for which the exoscope was suitable, and to clarify its disadvantages in meningioma resection. Methods Findings of consecutive meningioma surgeries using a 4K three-dimensional (3D) exoscope over a one-year period were evaluated for visibility of the surgical field, comfort of the surgeon's arm posture, the surgeon's head orientation, and perception of the image delay, accounting for the depth of the tumor.
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