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Evaluation of neurotoxicity and long-term function and behavior following intrathecal 1 % 2-chloroprocaine in juvenile rats.
Neurotoxicology
January 2022
Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Spinally-administered local anesthetics like preservative-free 2-chloroprocaine (2-CP) were tested for effectiveness and safety in juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats, evaluating their use for anesthesia in children.
- The study involved administering 2-CP at different ages (postnatal days 7, 14, and 21) and assessing sensory block duration, motor responses, and neurotoxicity through various behavioral tests and tissue analyses.
- Results showed that a single maximum tolerated dose of 2-CP induced temporary spinal anesthesia without causing detectable developmental neurotoxicity; however, the findings can't be applied to repeated doses or longer infusions.
Regional block via continuous caudal infusion as sole anesthetic for inguinal hernia repair in conscious neonates.
Pediatr Surg Int
March 2017
Department of Anesthesiology, California Pacific Medical Center, 3700 California Street, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
Purpose: The use of general anesthesia in young children has come under increasing scrutiny due to its potential long-term neurotoxic effects. Meanwhile, regional anesthesia for surgical procedures in neonates has many advantages, including preservation of respiratory status and faster return to feeding. We describe the successful use of 3% 2-chloroprocaine administered via continuous caudal infusion as the sole anesthetic agent during elective surgical procedures in infants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistory of T-cain: a local anesthetic developed and manufactured in Japan.
J Anesth
October 2015
Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
In many anesthesia textbooks written in English, lidocaine, tetracaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine are listed as useful local anesthetics for spinal anesthesia. In contrast, T-cain is not included in these lists, even though it has been reported to be suitable for spinal anesthesia in Japan. T-cain was developed as a local anesthetic in the early 1940s by Teikoku Kagaku Sangyo Inc.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of sodium bisulfite with or without procaine derivatives on axons of cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons.
Reg Anesth Pain Med
August 2015
From the Departments of *Anesthesiology, and †Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
Background And Objectives: Sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) was clinically used as a preservative agent for local anesthetics but was later suspected to be neurotoxic. However, recent studies reported that NaHSO3 reduces the neurotoxicity of local anesthetics. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of NaHSO3 with and without procaine on axonal transport in cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpinal anesthesia revisited: toxicity of new and old drugs and compounds.
Curr Opin Anaesthesiol
October 2014
aDepartment of Anaesthesiology, Spitalzentrum Biel AG, Biel, Switzerland bDepartment Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
Purpose Of Review: Neural toxicity of substances injected into the intrathecal space has been a matter of debate since the introduction of spinal anesthesia in clinical practice. In recent years, new local anesthetics and adjuvants have been proposed for intrathecal use, and new techniques such as the use of ultrasound have been propagated. The present review summarizes recent clinical and experimental data on the neurotoxic effects of drugs and substances used for or in conjunction with spinal anesthesia.
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