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Point-of-care ultrasound for tuberculosis and HIV-revisiting the focused assessment with sonography for HIV-associated tuberculosis (FASH) protocol and its differential diagnoses.
Clin Microbiol Infect
March 2024
Lighthouse Clinic Trust, Lilongwe, Malawi; International Training and Education Center for Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The FASH protocol has been used for over a decade to help diagnose extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients, but interpreting its results can be difficult due to overlapping features with other diseases.
- A review analyzed ten studies on the FASH protocol's accuracy, revealing sensitivity and specificity rates for enlarged lymph nodes and spleen lesions that suggest it can effectively indicate tuberculosis but also requires careful consideration of other potential diagnoses.
- The review recommends basic ultrasound training in the FASH protocol and ultrasound-guided diagnostic sampling to improve diagnosis, acknowledging that current evidence is limited and more research is needed.
A Comprehensive Review on HIV-Associated Dermatologic Manifestations: From Epidemiology to Clinical Management.
Int J Microbiol
July 2023
Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1199663911, Iran.
Article Synopsis
- Dermatological disorders are common in HIV/AIDS patients, featuring a range of skin and mucous membrane symptoms.
- The review categorizes various skin issues caused by HIV, including specific skin conditions, opportunistic infections, and skin cancers.
- The aim is to help clinicians better recognize and manage the diverse cutaneous manifestations associated with HIV/AIDS.
Physical Examination in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease.
Med Clin North Am
May 2022
University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- HIV-associated disease presents a wide range of symptoms, often due to opportunistic infections (OIs) rather than the virus itself.
- Acute HIV infection commonly includes symptoms like fever, swollen lymph nodes, rash, and mouth sores, while chronic infection can lead to skin issues, joint pain, and neurological problems.
- Clinicians can typically diagnose HIV by recognizing the patterns of these various symptoms in a patient.
Dermoscopy of Bacillary Angiomatosis: Utility in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Control.
Dermatol Pract Concept
October 2021
Institute of Histopathology, Histonor, Antofagasta, Chile.
Rare, disseminated Kaposi sarcoma in advanced HIV with high-burden pulmonary and skeletal involvement.
BMJ Case Rep
December 2021
Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
We describe the case of a 30-year-old man who presented to our institution with hypoxia and widespread pulmonary infiltrates managed initially as COVID-19 before receiving a new diagnosis of HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) with widespread pulmonary and skeletal involvement. Initial differential diagnoses included pneumonia, disseminated mycobacterial infection and bacillary angiomatosis. A bone marrow biopsy showed heavy infiltration by spindle cells, staining strongly positive for human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) and CD34, suggesting symptomatic, disseminated KS as the unifying diagnosis.
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