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Expert Rev Clin Immunol
January 2025
Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Napoli, Italy.
Introduction: In recent years, the understanding of atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenetic mechanisms has expanded and now it is recognized that Th2 immune axis dysregulation is pivotal to AD pathogenesis. The advent of biological drugs and small molecules have marked a revolution in the treatment of AD. Dupilumab, targeting IL-4 and IL-13, has been the first to demonstrate efficacy in treating moderate to severe AD by modulating type-2 inflammation pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Prev Alzheimers Dis
January 2025
Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow, 226002, India. Electronic address:
Alzheimer's disease is a complicated, multifaceted, neurodegenerative illness that places an increasing strain on healthcare systems. Due to increasing malfunction and death of nerve cells, the person suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) slowly and steadily loses their memories, cognitive functions and even their personality. Although medications may temporarily enhance memory, there are currently no permanent therapies that can halt or cure this irreversible neurodegenerative process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med
December 2024
NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Blvd., Mineola, NY 11501, USA.
A knowledge gap may exist when attempting to identify the pathogenetic mechanisms resulting in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) or hypotonic hyponatremia. Ectopic secretion of antidiuretic hormone [ADH] is the classic cause of SIADH. But another form of inappropriate secretion of ADH occurs when interleukin 6 is activated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLancet Infect Dis
January 2025
Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany. Electronic address:
Borna disease, which is a severe encephalitis that primarily affects horses and sheep, has been recognised for over two centuries. Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) has been identified as a cause of a predominantly fatal encephalitis in humans. Little scientific data exist regarding the virus' transmission, entry portal, and excretion routes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Deliv Transl Res
January 2025
School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy in which progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve leads to irreversible visual loss. Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness. The pathogenesis of glaucoma is determined by different pathogenetic mechanisms, including increased intraocular pressure, mechanical stress, excitotoxicity, resistance to aqueous drainage and oxidative stress.
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