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Polygalae Radix Oligosaccharide Esters May Relieve Depressive-like Behavior in Rats with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress via Modulation of Gut Microbiota.
Int J Mol Sci
September 2023
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai Street, Beijing 100069, China.
Polygalae radix (PR) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that is used to treat depression, and polygalae radix oligosaccharide esters (PROEs) are the main active ingredient. Although gut microbiota are now believed to play key role in depression, the effects of PROEs on depression via modulation of gut microbiota remain unknown. In this article, we investigate the effect of PROEs on the gut microbiota of a depression rat and the possible mechanism responsible.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDysfunction of the hypothalamic‑pituitary‑adrenal axis in male rat offspring with prenatal food restriction: Fetal programming of hypothalamic hyperexcitability and poor hippocampal feedback.
Mol Med Rep
January 2022
Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.
Prenatal food restriction (PFR) induces dysfunction of the hypothalamic‑pituitary‑adrenal (HPA) axis in the adult offspring. The aim of the present study was to identify the underlying mechanism of this process. Pregnant rats were placed on a restricted diet between gestational day 11 and 21.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSerum-Derived Neuronal Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers of Acute Severe Stress.
Int J Mol Sci
September 2021
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.
Stress is the physical and psychological tension felt by an individual while adapting to difficult situations. Stress is known to alter the expression of stress hormones and cause neuroinflammation in the brain. In this study, miRNAs in serum-derived neuronal exosomes (nEVs) were analyzed to determine whether differentially expressed miRNAs could be used as biomarkers of acute stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunoelectron Microscopic Characterization of Vasopressin-Producing Neurons in the Hypothalamo-Pituitary Axis of Non-Human Primates by Use of Formaldehyde-Fixed Tissues Stored at -25 °C for Several Years.
Int J Mol Sci
August 2021
Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- Translational research involving primates faces strict legal regulations globally, particularly when testing experimental therapies.
- This study demonstrates that long-term storage of macaque brain tissues fixed in formaldehyde preserves the necessary structures for electron microscopic analysis.
- Findings indicate that arginine vasopressin (AVP)-producing neurons in macaques exhibit specific vesicle sizes and glutamatergic properties, suggesting this method could also benefit research on the human post-mortem brain.
Neuronal hypertrophy dampens neuronal intrinsic excitability and stress responsiveness during chronic stress.
J Physiol
July 2020
Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario.
Key Points: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis habituates to repeated stress exposure. We studied hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons that form the apex of the HPA axis in a mouse model of stress habituation using repeated restraint. The intrinsic excitability of CRH neurons decreased after repeated stress in a time course that coincided with the development of HPA axis habituation.
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