The authors emphasize the various possibilities of exploration of chest with the mediastinoscope, in a 11 patients series, aiming and reducing surgical parietal approach in infancy, while preserving the feasibility of the procedure. In the thoracic level: beyond the mediastinal approach by the transcervical pathway (mediastinoscopy), the principal application is the pleural cavity access (pleuroscopy) which was performed in seven 3 to 12 years old children. Pleuroscopy was realised through a small intercostal access permitting biopsy with a good visibility (pulmonary biopsy: 4 cases; lateral mediastinal tumor: 2 cases). A cloisonned pyopneumothorax drainage was performed once easily managed. Mediastinoscopy was used likewise in 3 cases of transcervical thymectomy (myasthenia gravis or thymic hyperplasia), permitting effective visual field to control quality of exeresis. This "surgical endoscopy" procedure offers so food indications in Pediatric Surgery, more especially as not any complication was observed.
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