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Differences in Body Composition, Bone Density, and Tibial Microarchitecture in Division I Female Athletes Participating in Different Impact Loading Sports.
Calcif Tissue Int
January 2025
University of Pittsburgh, 3860 S. Water St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA.
Sport participation affects body composition and bone health, but the association between sport, body composition, and bone health in female athletes is complex. We compared areal bone mineral density (aBMD, DXA) and tibial volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), geometry, microarchitecture, and estimated strength (HR-pQCT) in cross-country runners (n = 22), gymnasts (n = 23) and lacrosse players (n = 35), and investigated associations of total body lean mass (TBLM), team, and their interaction with tibial bone outcomes. Total body (TB), total hip (TH), femoral neck (FN), and lumbar spine (LS) aBMD were higher in gymnasts than runners (p < 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFColor variations of silicon-on-insulator wafers with silicon device layer thickness.
Opt Express
January 2025
The perceived colors of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers with etched Si surface layers of thickness 90 nm to 30 nm vary from turquoise to purple to golden. Measured reflectance curves spanning ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared wavelengths have an amplitude modulated oscillatory pattern. Multilayer reflectance calculations indicate the oscillatory pattern results from the 2 µm thick buried SiO layer which functions as a nearly lossless reflective Fabry-Perot etalon in the near infrared where SiO and Si are transparent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe theoretically calculate the coupling loss between single-mode fibers (SMFs) and polymer optical waveguides with different refractive index profiles. Temperature resistance is one of the concerns when integrating polymer optical waveguides near the electronics and photonics chips where they are highly likely to dissipate heat. Hence, the calculation focuses on the core size variations due to changes in operating temperature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVisible-light integrated photonics serve applications inaccessible to conventional (C- and O-band) silicon photonics, including trapped-ion and neutral atom quantum experiments, biophotonics, and displays. Despite demonstrations of increasingly advanced functionalities and levels of integration, the development of low-power, monolithically integrated, visible-light switches and phase shifters remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we demonstrate an integrated photonic, electrostatic MEMS-actuated Mach-Zehnder interferometer optical switch for the visible spectrum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTime-of-flight Lidars based on single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector arrays are emerging as a strong candidate technology for long range three-dimensional imaging in challenging environmental conditions. However, reaching this bound requires the existence of an unbiased estimator, which does not necessarily exist for data acquired by realistic SPAD-based Lidar systems. Here, we extend our existing SPAD Lidar modelling framework to include a novel metric, which we term the 'Binomial Separation Criterion', as a means of quantifying whether a depth estimation algorithm will reach the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB).
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