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Assessing and alleviating pain in animals involved in research is critically important. However, the effective implementation of pain management depends on the knowledge and attitudes of the personnel involved. Following a Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations 'Pain in Mice' working group initiative, a questionnaire to survey current practices concerning analgesic use in laboratory mice was distributed to several professional groups in the field of laboratory animal science.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBuprenorphine Pharmacodynamics: A Bridge to Understanding Buprenorphine Clinical Benefits.
Drugs
January 2025
Palliative Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA.
Buprenorphine is an agonist at the mu opioid receptor (MOR) and antagonist at the kappa (KOR) and delta (DOR) receptors and a nociceptin receptor (NOR) ligand. Buprenorphine has a relatively low intrinsic efficacy for G-proteins and a long brain and MOR dwell time. Buprenorphine ceiling on respiratory depression has theoretically been related multiple factors such as low intrinsic efficacy at MOR, binding to six-transmembrane MOR and interactions in MOR/NOR heterodimers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: We measured the association between prescribed stimulant medications and overdose among individuals receiving opioid agonist therapy (OAT) for opioid use disorder.
Design: Retrospective cohort study using the British Columbia Provincial Overdose Cohort, a linked administrative database.
Setting: We used data from British Columbia, Canada, from January 2015 through February 2020.
Cohort profile: the provincial opioid agonist treatment cohort in Ontario, Canada.
Eur J Epidemiol
January 2025
Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
Background: Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT) is the most effective intervention for opioid use disorder (OUD), but retention has decreased due to increasingly potent drugs like fentanyl. This cohort can be used retrospectively to observe trends in service utilization, healthcare integration, healthcare costs and patient outcomes. It also facilitates the design of observational studies to mimic a prospective design.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFour targets: an enhanced framework for guiding causal inference from observational data.
Int J Epidemiol
December 2024
Program in Addiction Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
Observational studies play an increasingly important role in estimating causal effects of a treatment or an exposure, especially with the growing availability of routinely collected real-world data. To facilitate drawing causal inference from observational data, we introduce a conceptual framework centered around "four targets"-target estimand, target population, target trial, and target validity. We illustrate the utility of our proposed "four targets" framework with the example of buprenorphine dosing for treating opioid use disorder, explaining the rationale and process for employing the framework to guide causal thinking from observational data.
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