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The biology of water homeostasis.
Nephrol Dial Transplant
October 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Article Synopsis
- Water homeostasis is regulated by a brain-kidney axis involving osmoreceptors and hormones like arginine vasopressin (AVP), which aids in water reabsorption through specific channels in the kidneys.
- Water balance disorders, caused by issues with AVP or thirst sensation, can lead to conditions like hyponatremia or hypernatremia, which stress cells and trigger adaptive responses.
- Recent research has identified new regulators of AQP2 water channels and highlighted the negative effects of chronic low water levels on organ function, underscoring the importance of these findings for developing treatment options for water balance disorders.
Recurrent severe hypernatraemia in a young patient: a disconnect between osmoreceptor function and drinking behaviour.
BMJ Case Rep
January 2024
Academic Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Chronic hypernatraemia is a rare clinical entity. In the younger population, hypernatraemia is often a consequence of failure to generate thirst in response to osmotic stimuli.We report the case of a male patient admitted with severe hypernatraemia (plasma sodium 175 mmol/L) on return from holidays.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of water ingestion on autonomic activity and gastric motility in patients with celiac disease.
J Physiol Pharmacol
April 2023
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
The pathogenesis of celiac disease is associated with an autoimmune process. The disease causes chronic inflammation of the small intestinal mucosa, which may affect the brain-gut axis. The activation of visceral receptors (gastrointestinal mechanoreceptor and osmoreceptor) in response to stomach distension caused by water ingestion has not been studied before.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdipsic Hypernatremia after Clipping of a Ruptured Aneurysm in the Anterior Communicating Artery: A Case Report.
Electrolyte Blood Press
December 2021
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
Adipsia is a rare disorder that occurs due to damage to the osmoreceptor and not feeling thirst despite hyperosmolality. Adipsic hypernatremia can occur when there is damage to the anterior communicating artery that supplies blood to osmoreceptors, and the level of arginine vasopressin secretion varies widely. A 37-year-old woman, suffering from severe headache, was consulted to the nephrology department for hypernatremia and polyuria after clipping of a ruptured aneurysm in the anterior communicating artery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdipsic hypernatremia in a young Sudanese child, challenges in a limited-resource setting: a case report.
Pan Afr Med J
May 2021
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, khartoum, Sudan.
Adipsia is a rare condition characterized by a lack of thirst due to a defect in specific osmoreceptors located in the hypothalamus. The disorder is characterized by failure to maintain the body's normal plasma osmolality (POSM), resulting in chronic or recurrent severe hypernatremia and dehydration. Adipsia is usually accompanied by central diabetes insipidus (DI).
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