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Introduction: The rarest form of renal ectopia, the thoracic kidney, has been documented in only about 200 cases worldwide. There are four recognized causes of congenital thoracic renal ectopia: renal ectopia with an intact diaphragm, diaphragmatic eventration, diaphragmatic hernia, and traumatic diaphragmatic rupture. This condition often presents as an incidental finding in asymptomatic patients.

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Department of Pediatric Urology, Department of Senior Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China; Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China. Electronic address:

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