The level of antibodies to influenza A (H1N1), A (H2N2), A (H3N2), and B viruses in the blood sera collected in October and November, 1980, from 224 children under 13 resident in Moscow and its suburbs was studied The results of the study showed convincingly the influenza A (H2N2) viruses did not circulate at that time among the population of Moscow and its suburbs. The 4 positive (not exceeding 1 : 40 findings in sera from younger children were due to the presence in them of the antibodies cross-reacting with A (H2N2) and A H3N2) viruses which could be completely eliminated from the sera by adsorption of the latter with A/USSR/174/79 (H3N2) virus. The A (H3N2) viruses were the main cause of ARD developing in children in July-September, 1980. These diseases appeared to be the closing part of the influenza A (H3N2) epidemic of 1979-1980. A high percentage of children with antibody titres of 1 : 40 or higher to A (H3N2) viruses indicated that these viruses could hardly cause an epidemic of influenza in children in 1980-1981. A low percentage of children with serum antibodies to influenza B virus (1-10%) in titres of 1 : 40 or higher indicated a possibility of occurrence of an epidemic of this etiology in Moscow in the season of 1980-1981. The occurrence of influenza A (H1N1) epidemic in this period was less likely because of higher levels of antibody to influenza viruses of this subspecies in the sera of children and particularly adults.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Spatiotemporal Dynamic Immunomodulation by Infection-Mimicking Gels Enhances Broad and Durable Protective Immunity Against Heterologous Viruses.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Engineering, Department of Nano Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
Despite their safety and widespread use, conventional protein antigen-based subunit vaccines face significant challenges such as low immunogenicity, insufficient long-term immunity, poor CD8 T-cell activation, and poor adaptation to viral variants. To address these issues, an infection-mimicking gel (IM-Gel) is developed that is designed to emulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of immune stimulation in acute viral infections through in situ supramolecular self-assembly of nanoparticulate-TLR7/8a (NP-TLR7/8a) and an antigen with tannic acid (TA). Through collagen-binding properties of TA, the IM-Gel enables sustained delivery and enhanced retention of NP-TLR7/8a and protein antigen in the lymph node subcapsular sinus of mice for over 7 days, prolonging the exposure of vaccine components in both B cell and T cell zones, leading to robust humoral and cellular responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComprehensive molecular epidemiology of influenza viruses in Brazil: insights from a nationwide analysis.
Virus Evol
November 2024
Center for Viral Surveillance and Serological Assessment (CeVIVAS), Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, Butantã, São Paulo, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil.
Influenza A and B viruses represent significant global health threats, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality rates. However, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular epidemiology of these viruses in Brazil, a continental-size country and a crucial hub for the entry, circulation, and dissemination of influenza viruses within South America, still needs to be improved. This study addresses this gap by consolidating data and samples across all Brazilian macroregions, as part of the Center for Viral Surveillance and Serological Assessment project, together with an extensive number of other Brazilian sequences provided by a public database during the epidemic seasons spanning 2021-23.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of 5-(4-Aryl-1,3-butadiyn-1-yl)-uridines and Their Phosphoramidate Pronucleotides.
Molecules
December 2024
Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry (ICOA UMR 7311), CNRS, University of Orleans, F-45067 Orléans, France.
The emergence of RNA viruses driven by global population growth and international trade highlights the urgent need for effective antiviral agents that can inhibit viral replication. Nucleoside analogs, which mimic natural nucleotides, have shown promise in targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps). Starting from protected 5-iodouridine, we report the synthesis of -substituted-(1,3-diyne)-uridines nucleosides and their phosphoramidate prodrugs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModulation of cytokeratin and cytokine/chemokine expression following influenza virus infection of differentiated human tonsillar epithelial cells.
J Virol
January 2025
Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
Unlabelled: The tonsils have been identified as a site of replication for Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, human papillomavirus, and other respiratory viruses. Human tonsil epithelial cells (HTECs) are a heterogeneous group of actively differentiating cells. Here, we investigated the cellular features and susceptibility of differentiated HTECs to specific influenza viruses, including expression of avian-type and mammalian-type sialic acid (SA) receptors, viral replication dynamics, and the associated cytokine secretion profiles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfluenza vaccine outcomes: a meta-analysis revealing morbidity benefits amid low infection prevention.
Eur Respir Rev
January 2025
Transplant Immunology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid Spain
Background: The morbidity and mortality associated with influenza viruses are a significant public health challenge. Annual vaccination against circulating influenza strains reduces hospitalisations and increases survival rates but requires a yearly redesign of vaccines against prevalent subtypes. The complex genetics of influenza viruses with high antigenic drift create an ongoing challenge in vaccine development to address dynamic influenza epidemiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!