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Mpox (Monkeypox) Virus and Its Co-Infection with HIV, Sexually Transmitted Infections, or Bacterial Superinfections: Double Whammy or a New Prime Culprit?
Viruses
May 2024
Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
Epidemiologic studies have established that mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) outbreaks worldwide in 2022-2023, due to Clade IIb mpox virus (MPXV), disproportionately affected gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. More than 35% and 40% of the mpox cases suffer from co-infection with HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSingle-Inclusion Kinetics of Development.
mSystems
October 2020
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
The obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen is reliant on a developmental cycle consisting of two cell forms, termed the elementary body (EB) and the reticulate body (RB). The EB is infectious and utilizes a type III secretion system and preformed effector proteins during invasion, but it does not replicate. The RB replicates in the host cell but is noninfectious.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe type I interferon receptor is not required for protection in the Chlamydia muridarum and HSV-2 murine super-infection model.
Pathog Dis
November 2018
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Box 70577, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
Chlamydia trachomatis/HSV-2 vaginal co-infections are seen clinically, suggesting that these sexually transmitted pathogens may interact. We previously established an intravaginal Chlamydia muridarum/HSV-2 super-infection model and observed that chlamydial pre-infection protects mice from a subsequent lethal HSV-2 challenge. However, the mechanism of protection remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBacterial Intestinal Superinfections in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Beyond Clostridum difficile.
Inflamm Bowel Dis
July 2016
Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, CIBEREHD, Badalona, Spain.
Besides genetics and environmental factors, intestinal microbiota seem to play a major role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. For many decades, it has been said that some enteropathogens may even trigger both inflammatory bowel disease development and disease flares. For this reason, stool testing had been performed in inflammatory bowel disease flares but current guidelines only recommend to rule out Clostridium difficile infection and there is no clear advice for other enteropathogens given that the scarce available evidence points at a low prevalence of this sort of intestinal superinfections with no clear impact on disease course.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPresence of Chlamydiales DNA in samples negative by broad-range bacterial 16S rRNA PCRs: new insights into chlamydial pathogenic role.
New Microbes New Infect
May 2016
Department of Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Since routine eubacterial 16S rRNA PCR does not amplify members of the Chlamydiales order, we tested all samples received in our laboratory during a 10 months period using a pan-Chlamydiales real-time PCR. 3 of 107 samples (2.8%) revealed to be positive, suggesting a role of some Chlamydiales in the pathogenesis of chronic bronchial stenosis or bronchial stenosis superinfection and as agents of orthopaedic prosthesis infections.
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