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Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB) in hydrochars and biochars: Review of recent evidence, pollution levels, critical gaps, formation mechanisms and regulations.
J Hazard Mater
November 2024
Energy and Resources Institute, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Purple 12.01.08, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia. Electronic address:
Contamination of chars with dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB) significantly limits their use and hinders their deployment in the circular bioeconomy, specifically in applications that may lead to dietary exposure. Here, for the first time, we review the levels of contamination of chars produced from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) with dl-PCB congeners. We conduct a detailed and critical examination of the role played by the processing parameters, such as temperature and residence time, and the reaction mechanisms, to detoxify the biomass under an oxygen-free atmosphere during its valorisation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA new species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Catapagurus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, is described based on a single male specimen from off Okinawa Islands, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, at a depth of 150 m. Catapagurus cracens sp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDynamic amine sorting enables multiselective construction of unsymmetrical chiral diamines.
Nat Chem
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
Precisely differentiating chemicals featuring minor discrepancies is the prerequisite for achieving high selectivities in both chemical synthesis and biological activities. However, efficient strategies to differentiate and sort such congeneric compounds are lacking, posing daunting challenges for synthetic endeavours aimed at their orderly incorporation. Here we report a dynamic amine-sorting strategy that incorporates the chemoselective formation of the aminomethyl cyclopalladated complex to achieve the efficient differentiation of amine congeners.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic forms of testosterone frequently used as performance enhancing drugs among gay, bisexual, and queer (GBQ) men. Despite widespread use, associated harms, and the likely existence of an AAS use disorder, there is no medical consensus on standards of care for people who use AAS, with most medical providers focusing exclusively on abstinence. Individuals using AAS have developed community-based harm reduction strategies to mitigate these harms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenome-Wide Data Uncover Cryptic Diversity With Multiple Reticulation Events in the Balkan-Anatolian Cardamine (Brassicaceae) Species Complex.
Mol Ecol
November 2024
Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Plant species diversity may be considerably underestimated, especially in evolutionarily complex genera and in diversity hotspots that have enabled long-term species persistence and diversification, such as the Balkan Peninsula. Here, we address the topic of underexplored plant diversity and underlying evolutionary and biogeographic processes by investigating the hygrophytic mountain species complex of Cardamine acris s.l.
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