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The Autonomic Nervous System and Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease.
Nephrol Dial Transplant
January 2025
Clinica Medica, University Milano-Bicocca and University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating physiological processes and maintaining homeostasis through its two branches: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system. Dysregulation of the autonomic system, characterized by increased sympathetic activity and reduced parasympathetic tone, is a common feature in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease. This imbalance contributes to a pro-inflammatory state, exacerbating disease progression and increasing the risk for cardiovascular events.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActivation of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons rapidly drives homeostatic sleep pressure.
Sci Adv
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Homeostatic sleep regulation is essential for optimizing the amount and timing of sleep for its revitalizing function, but the mechanism underlying sleep homeostasis remains poorly understood. Here, we show that optogenetic activation of locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons immediately increased sleep propensity following a transient wakefulness, contrasting with many other arousal-promoting neurons whose activation induces sustained wakefulness. Fiber photometry showed that repeated optogenetic or sensory stimulation caused a rapid reduction of calcium activity in LC neurons and steep declines in noradrenaline/norepinephrine (NE) release in both the LC and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComplexities, Benefits, Risks, and Clinical Implications of Sodium Bicarbonate Administration in Critically Ill Patients: A State-of-the-Art Review.
J Clin Med
December 2024
Emergency Medicine, Freeman Health System, Joplin, MO 64804, USA.
Sodium bicarbonate has been used in the treatment of different pathologies, such as hyperkalemia, cardiac arrest, tricyclic antidepressant toxicity, aspirin toxicity, acute acidosis, lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, rhabdomyolysis, and adrenergic receptors' resistance to catecholamine in patients with shock. An ongoing debate about bicarbonate's efficacy and potential harm has been raised for decades because of the lack of evidence supporting its potential efficacy. Despite the guidelines' restrictions, sodium bicarbonate has been overused in clinical practice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSOX2 sustentacular cells are stem cells of the postnatal adrenal medulla.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK.
Renewal of the catecholamine-secreting chromaffin cell population of the adrenal medulla is necessary for physiological homeostasis throughout life. Definitive evidence for the presence or absence of an adrenomedullary stem cell has been enigmatic. In this work, we demonstrate that a subset of sustentacular cells endowed with a support role, are in fact adrenomedullary stem cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn Overview of the Biological Complexity of Vitiligo.
Oxid Med Cell Longev
December 2024
Center for Global Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Rome, Italy.
Vitiligo is a skin disease that affects all ethnicities and genders and is characterized by the loss of pigment essentially due to the selective loss of melanocytes. Although it is generally considered a systemic disease associated with polymorphisms in genes involved in the immune response, vitiligo is also considered an oxidative imbalance-associated disease. It represents a multifactorial pathology in which some genetic predisposition and epigenetic factors coupled with some critical biochemical and molecular pathways could play a pivotal role.
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