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Update on regulation of GHRH and its actions on GH secretion in health and disease.
Rev Endocr Metab Disord
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
This review focuses on our current understanding of how growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH): 1) stimulates GH release and synthesis from pituitary growth hormone (GH)-producing cells (somatotropes), 2) drives somatotrope proliferation, 3) is negatively regulated by somatostatin (SST), GH and IGF1, 4) is altered throughout lifespan and in response to metabolic challenges, and 5) analogues can be used clinically to treat conditions of GH excess or deficiency. Although a large body of early work provides an underpinning for our current understanding of GHRH, this review specifically highlights more recent work that was made possible by state-of-the-art analytical tools, receptor-specific agonists and antagonists, high-resolution in vivo and ex vivo imaging and the development of tissue (cell) -specific ablation mouse models, to paint a more detailed picture of the regulation and actions of GHRH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong Noncoding RNAs Expressed in Mouse Pituitary Development and Mature Hormone-Producing Cells.
Endocrinology
October 2024
Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 41809-5618, USA.
Mammalian genomes contain thousands of genes for long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs), some of which have been shown to affect protein coding gene expression through diverse mechanisms. The lncRNA transcripts are longer than 200 nucleotides and are often capped, spliced, and polyadenylated, but not translated into protein. Nuclear lncRNAs can modify chromatin structure and transcription in trans or cis by interacting with the DNA, forming R-loops, and recruiting regulatory proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpression of the apelin system in the porcine pituitary during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy and the effect of apelin on LH and FSH secretion.
Theriogenology
December 2024
Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address:
Reproductive success requires considerable energy investment. Research has shown that some adipokines, i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEarly Life Interventions: Impact on Aging and Longevity.
Aging Dis
August 2024
Division of Geriatrics Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Lifespans in mammals can differ significantly, with developmental speed being inversely related to lifespan, suggesting early-life interventions (ELIs) could modify aging patterns.
- This review examines how various postnatal interventions in mice, such as diet changes and chemical treatments, impact development and lifespan, highlighting significant changes in aging processes.
- Understanding the complexities of ELI research requires careful experimental design and attention to factors like timing and sex differences, which can inform future strategies for promoting healthy aging.
Paracrine FGF1 signaling directs pituitary architecture and size.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
October 2024
Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.
Organ architecture is established during development through intricate cell-cell communication mechanisms, yet the specific signals mediating these communications often remain elusive. Here, we used the anterior pituitary gland that harbors different interdigitated hormone-secreting homotypic cell networks to dissect cell-cell communication mechanisms operating during late development. We show that blocking differentiation of corticotrope cells leads to pituitary hypoplasia with a major effect on somatotrope cells that directly contact corticotropes.
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