A correlation was obtained between a positive nitrite test in urine and the severity of urinary bacterial infection. Bacteria isolated from the urine of bilharzial or bladder cancer patients were found to be rich in nitrate reductase activity. "Escherichia coli" was the most common microorganism isolated from these specimens. Urine and several urinary constituents activate bacterial nitrate reductase. beta-Glucuronidase activity in the urine of patients with chronic "Schistosoma haematobium" infection and bladder cancer was measured and shown to be significantly greater than that of urine of normal control subjects. Urinary bacterial infection was shown to be the source of the increased urinary level of enzyme activity at pH 7.0.
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