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Wound-associated agents in the unregulated drug supply: Evidence from a statewide drug checking program.
Int J Drug Policy
January 2025
Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 1812 Ashland Avenue, 3rd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Background: While the unregulated drug market has seen dramatic increases in fentanyl adulteration in the past decade, other adulterants have impacted the recent volatility of the drug supply. There has been recent documentation related to the presence of wound-associated substances; however, there is a lack of data showing the prevalence of these substances across unregulated drug market samples over time. The aim of this paper is to examine known and potential wound-associated agents' (xylazine, levamisole, medetomidine) prevalence in Maryland's unregulated drug supply.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNon-corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
November 2024
Cochrane Kidney and Transplant, Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia.
Background: About 80% of children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) have relapses. Of these children, half will relapse frequently, and are at risk of adverse effects from corticosteroids. While non-corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications prolong periods of remission, they have significant potential adverse effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSafety Evaluation of a Potential Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Candidate, Levamisole.
J Inflamm Res
October 2024
School of Pharmacy & Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China.
Introduction: Given the limitations and adverse effects of current rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatments, there is an urgent need for safer and more effective therapeutic options. Levamisole (LVM) is a non-specific immunomodulator with potential for treating skin diseases, tumors, and autoimmune disorders. Recognizing LVM's potential despite its controversial reputation, this study aimed to investigate its safety profile and therapeutic efficacy towards RA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLevamisole Induced Agranulocytosis in a Child with Steroid Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome: A Case Report.
JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc
July 2024
Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla, Nepal.
Article Synopsis
- - Levamisole is an immunomodulator used effectively to treat nephrotic syndrome due to its ability to stimulate the immune system and reduce the need for steroids.
- - While commonly associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and fever, levamisole can also cause serious side effects like agranulocytosis and pancytopenia.
- - A case report highlights a 5-year-old girl with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome who experienced declining leukocyte counts after starting levamisole, stressing the importance of monitoring for this rare but serious complication.
Detection of levamisole and its metabolites in horses after oral levamisole administration over seven days.
J Am Vet Med Assoc
December 2024
5Kenneth L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.
Objective: Levamisole is a regulated substance sometimes administered to racehorses to treat equine protozoal myelitis. Metabolites include compound II, aminorex, and pemoline. Aminorex and pemoline are Horseracing Integrity and Safety Authority-banned substances.
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