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The widely prescribed oral anti-diabetic drug metformin is eliminated unchanged in the urine primarily through active tubular secretion. This process is mediated by organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), an uptake transporter expressed on the basolateral membrane of renal proximal tubule cells. Metformin uptake into the liver, the site of action, is mediated by OCT1, which is expressed on the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacological interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units: a network meta-analysis.
BMJ Evid Based Med
January 2025
Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).
Design And Setting: Systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis using standard methodological procedures as recommended by Cochrane for screening of records, data extraction and analysis. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence.
Insight into the Manipulation Mechanism of Polymorphic Transformation by Polymers: A Case of Cimetidine.
Pharm Res
July 2024
National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
Purpose: Employing polymer additives is an effective strategy to realize the manipulation of polymorphic transformation. However, the manipulation mechanism is still not clear, which limit the precise selection of polymeric excipients and the development of pharmaceutical formulations.
Methods: The solubility of cimetidine (CIM) in acetonitrile/water mixtures were measured.
Assessment of antinociceptive property of L. and possible mechanism of action in the formalin and writhing models of nociception in mice.
Korean J Pain
July 2024
Department of Basic Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Background: has bioactive constituents and has been used for therapeutic actions. The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms underlying pain-relieving effects of the hydroethanolic extract of C. scolymus (HECS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInterventions for postburn pruritus.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
June 2024
Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- Postburn pruritus is a frustrating symptom for individuals with healing or healed burn wounds, prompting the search for effective treatments.
- A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various interventions for postburn itch, analyzing 25 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with over 1,166 participants.
- The interventions examined included neuromodulatory agents, topical therapies, physical modalities, laser treatments, and electrical stimulation, highlighting a range of approaches but leaving the effectiveness of each option still somewhat uncertain.
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