The effect of streptomycin on polypeptide synthesis in vivo and in vitro has been investigated using polyamine auxotrophic mutants of Escherichia coli grown in the presence or in the absence of putrescine. We found that streptomycin caused a marked inhibition of protein synthesis in polyamine-supplemented cells whereas bacteria starved for polyamines were less sensitive to the action of the antibiotic. Neomycin, kanamycin and kasugamycin had a behaviour similar to streptomycin while spectinomycin, gentamicin and tetracycline brought about a strong inhibition of protein synthesis both in polyamine-starved and unstarved bacteria. The increase of misreading induced by the addition of streptomycin in vivo was higher in extracts derived from bacteria cultivated in the presence of polyamines. This effect was observed in cell-free systems of streptomycin-sensitive and resistant strains. In contrast, spermidine added in vitro caused an improvement in the accuracy of translocation. Analysis of sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the labelled polypeptides synthesized in vivo seems to indicate that the starvation for polyamine or the presence of streptomycin may lead to premature termination with the appearance of unfinished peptide chains.
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