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"Without a man's decision, nothing works": Building resilience to Rift Valley fever in pastoralist communities in Isiolo Kenya.
PLoS One
January 2025
Institute of Anthropology, Gender and African Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease that affects both livestock and humans. Men and women in pastoralist communities are vulnerable to RVF risk exposure because of their different roles and reliance on livestock products. This study sought to understand how ownership and decision-making in pastoralist male and female-headed households influence coping mechanisms and resilience to Rift Valley fever (RVF), using the three resilience capacities of absorptive, adaptive, and transformative.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntiretroviral Use for HIV Prevention During Pregnancy: The Need to Strengthen Regulatory and Surveillance Systems in Africa.
Drug Saf
January 2025
Forum for Collaborative Research, University of California, Berkeley, Washington, DC, USA.
HIV-prevention efforts focusing on women of child-bearing potential are needed to end the HIV epidemic in the African region. The use of antiretroviral drugs as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a critical HIV prevention tool. However, safety data on new antiretrovirals during pregnancy are often limited because pregnant people are excluded from drug development studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRisk Factors for Viral Coinfections in Blood Donors in Bahia, Brazil.
J Med Virol
February 2025
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) coinfection may lead to disease progression or worsen its clinical presentation. Viral coinfections screening during blood donation is critical. To identify risk factors for coinfection among blood donors, we assessed the blood donations at the Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia da Bahia, from 2008 to 2017.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCholesterol metabolism regulator SREBP2 inhibits HBV replication via suppression of HBx nuclear translocation.
Front Immunol
January 2025
Department of Hepatology, Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
The intricate link between cholesterol metabolism and host immune responses is well recognized, but the specific mechanisms by which cholesterol biosynthesis influences hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication remain unclear. In this study, we show that SREBP2, a key regulator of cholesterol metabolism, inhibits HBV replication by interacting directly with the HBx protein, thereby preventing its nuclear translocation. We also found that inhibiting the ER-to-Golgi transport of the SCAP-SREBP2 complex or blocking SREBP2 maturation significantly enhances HBV suppression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHepatitis B virus infection and its treatment in Eastern Ethiopia.
World J Hepatol
January 2025
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8520, Japan.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes acute and chronic hepatitis, compensated and decompensated cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. The actual status of HBV infection and its treatment in certain regions of Asian and African countries, including Ethiopia, has not been well-documented thus far. Antiviral therapy for HBV infection can prevent the progression of HBV-related liver diseases and decrease the HBV-related symptoms, such as abdominal symptoms, fatigue, systemic symptoms and others.
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