In a previous study (1), we observed that antigen cross-reactive with structural protein of the endogenous retrovirus RAV-O is expressed in splenic Ig(+) B lymphocytes of immunized 15I5 X 71 chickens. The present experiments were undertaken to determine the relationship of this antigen to viral gag- and env-coded antigenic specificities. As analyzed by immunofluorescence with several antisera, group-specific determinants of the gp85 envelope glycoprotein as well as viral-related type E-specific determinants were detectable in islands of Ig(+) splenocytes; antigenic determinants of viral gag protein were not detected in the splenic islands. These observations indicated that antigen cross-reactive with endogenous retroviral envelope glycoprotein is expressed in Ig(+) B cells.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|
mBio
January 2025
Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Bacterial infections can induce exuberant immune responses that can damage host tissues. Previously, we demonstrated that systemic infection in mice causes tissue damage in the liver. This liver necrosis is associated with the expression of endogenous retroviruses, chromosomally integrated retroviruses that encode a reverse transcriptase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Immunother Cancer
December 2024
Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
Background: The adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells targeting the HLA-A2-restricted epitope NY-ESO-1 (A2/NY) has yielded important clinical responses against several cancers. A variety of approaches are being taken to augment tumor control by ACT including TCR affinity-optimization and T-cell coengineering strategies to address the suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Most TCRs of clinical interest are evaluated in immunocompromised mice to enable human T-cell engraftment and do not recapitulate the dynamic interplay that occurs with endogenous immunity in a treated patient.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroorganisms
November 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the fastest-growing cancers worldwide, lacking established causal factors or validated early diagnostics. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), comprising 8% of human genomes, have potential as PTC biomarkers due to their comparably high baseline expression in healthy thyroid tissues, indicating homeostatic roles. However, HERV regions are often overlooked in genome-wide association studies because of their highly repetitive nature, low sequence coverage, and decreased sequencing quality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA.
The pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived human primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) are a cell culture-derived surrogate model of embryonic primordial germ cells. Upon differentiation of PSCs to PGCLCs, multiple loci of HML-2, the hominoid-specific human endogenous retrovirus (HERV), are strongly activated, which is necessary for PSC differentiation to PGCLCs. In PSCs, strongly activated loci of HERV-H family HERVs create chromatin contacts, which are required for the pluripotency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Faculty of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Zagrebačka 30, 52100 Pula, Croatia.
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are genomic fragments integrated into human DNA from germline infections by exogenous retroviruses that threatened primates early in their evolution and are inherited vertically in the germline. So far, HERVs have been studied in the context of extensive immunopathogenic, neuropathogenic and even oncogenic effects within their host. In particular, in our paper, we elaborate on the aspects related to the possible correlation of transposable HERV elements' activation and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein's presence in cells of COVID-19 patients or upon COVID-19 vaccination with implications for natural and adaptive immunity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!