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Passive Immunisation in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases Related to Highly Potent Bacterial Toxins.
Biomedicines
December 2024
National Institute of Public Health NIH-National Research Institute, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
The discovery of microbial toxins as the primary factors responsible for disease manifestations and the discovery that these toxins could be neutralised by antitoxins are linked to the birth of immunology. In the late 19th century, the serum or plasma of animals or patients who had recovered from infectious diseases or who had been immunised with a relevant antigen began to be used to treat or prevent infections. Before the advent of widespread vaccination campaigns, antitoxins played a key role in the treatment and prevention of diseases such as diphtheria and tetanus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiscovery and engineering of the antibody response to a prominent skin commensal.
Nature
December 2024
Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
The ubiquitous skin colonist Staphylococcus epidermidis elicits a CD8 T cell response pre-emptively, in the absence of an infection. However, the scope and purpose of this anti-commensal immune program are not well defined, limiting our ability to harness it therapeutically. Here, we show that this colonist also induces a potent, durable, and specific antibody response that is conserved in humans and non-human primates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociation of baseline cytokines with antibody concentrations after diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis booster vaccination in Finnish children.
Vaccine
January 2025
Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Infections and Immunity, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland. Electronic address:
Background: Despite extensive vaccinations, pertussis remains endemic and epidemic in multiple countries. The persistence of cases can be partly attributed to the significant individual variation in vaccine responses. This study evaluated the association of baseline cytokines (before booster vaccination) on antibody concentrations to Tdap-vaccine antigens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLateral Flow-Based Skin Patch for Rapid Detection of Protein Biomarkers in Human Dermal Interstitial Fluid.
ACS Sens
November 2024
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) offer valuable diagnostic information in a quick, easy-to-use and low-cost format. While RDTs are one of the most commonly used tools for in vitro diagnostic testing, they require the collection of a blood sample, which is painful, poses risks of infection and can lead to complications. We introduce a blood-free point-of-care diagnostic test for the rapid detection of protein biomarkers in dermal interstitial fluid (ISF).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSchistosome and malaria exposure and urban-rural differences in vaccine responses in Uganda: a causal mediation analysis using data from three linked randomised controlled trials.
Lancet Glob Health
November 2024
International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Background: Vaccine immunogenicity and effectiveness vary geographically. Chronic immunomodulating parasitic infections including schistosomes and malaria have been hypothesised to be mediators of geographical variations.
Methods: We compared vaccine-specific immune responses between three Ugandan settings (schistosome-endemic rural, malaria-endemic rural, and urban) and did causal mediation analysis to assess the role of Schistosoma mansoni and malaria exposure in observed differences.
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