The rabies antigen quantitation reported here is based on the principle of an enzyme immuno micro assay (EIA) using antigen coated polystyrene microtiter plates. In a first step antibodies of known specificity are partially blocked by the antigen to be titrated; in a second step the free remaining antibodies are determined by EIA. Antirabies vaccines, purified virus or rabies glycoprotein were assayed by that micro-method in comparison with the double neutralization test in tissue culture. Moreover, we report results obtained by EIA on the rate of antigen bonding to a solid carrier in order to prepare immunoadsorbents and the usefulness of EIA to monitor specific immunoglobulin elution.
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Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Unicamillus, International School of Medicine, 00131 Rome, Italy.
Unlabelled: mRNA vaccines represent a milestone in the history of vaccinology, because they are safe, very effective, quick and cost-effective to produce, easy to adapt should the antigen vary, and able to induce humoral and cellular immunity.
Methods: To date, only two COVID-19 mRNA and one RSV vaccines have been approved. However, several mRNA vaccines are currently under development for the prevention of human viral (influenza, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, Zika, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus/parainfluenza 3, Chikungunya, Nipah, rabies, varicella zoster virus, and herpes simplex virus 1 and 2), bacterial (tuberculosis), and parasitic (malaria) diseases.
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31, Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China.
Background: The Vero cell rabies vaccine is currently the most widely used human rabies vaccine. However, owing to the presence of residual host cell DNA (HCD) in the final product and the potential tumorigenicity of the DNA of high-passage Vero cells, the WHO not only sets a limit on the number of times cells used in production can be passaged, but also imposes strict requirements on the amount of residual HCD in the final vaccine product.
Objectives: To systematically reduce the HCD level in the final vaccine product, multiple purification steps are included in the vaccine production process.
bioRxiv
December 2024
Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109.
Rabies virus causes nearly 60,000 human deaths annually. Antibodies that target the rabies glycoprotein (G) are being developed as post-exposure prophylactics, but mutations in G can render such antibodies ineffective. Here, we use pseudovirus deep mutational scanning to measure how all single amino-acid mutations to G affect cell entry and neutralization by a panel of antibodies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
December 2024
KVAFSU-CVA Rabies Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, India.
J Med Virol
November 2024
Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
Rabies is an acute lethal disease causing by the neurotropic virus rabies virus (RABV). Rabies immune globulin (RIG) as an indispensable component of rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) always faces with great challenges in terms of costs, stability and safety. Our objective is to develop a novel and potential fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) cocktail for the improvement of rabies PEP.
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