This article introduces bidimensional echocardiography. The main sections are reviewed. A brief comparison between M-mode and 2 D echocardiography is proposed showing that the two techniques are really complementary to one another. Judging by the many applications of M-mode echocardiography in recent years, one may safely expect considerable developments for the bidimensional echocardiography which, in its very first steps, already appears irreplaceable.
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Eur Heart J Open
September 2024
Kore University, Faculty of Medicine, Piazza dell'Università, 94100 Enna EN, Italy.
Aims: Subclinical thrombosis may represent an early stage of prosthesis structural disease. Most of the available evidence on the incidence, location, predictors, and consequences of thrombosis comes from studies that have employed balloon-expandable valves. We aimed to describe the different localisations of valvular and perivalvular thrombosis and analyse prosthesis-host multi-detector computed tomography predictors in the context of self-expandable prosthesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Heart J Imaging Methods Pract
July 2024
Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Haemodynamic forces (HDFs), which represent the forces exchanged between blood and surrounding tissues, are critical in regulating the structure and function of the left ventricle (LV). These forces can be assessed on cardiac magnetic resonance or transthoracic echocardiography exams using specialized software, offering a non-invasive alternative for measuring intraventricular pressure gradients. The analysis of HDFs can be a valuable tool in improving our understanding of cardiovascular disease and providing insights beyond traditional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Heart J Imaging Methods Pract
July 2024
Cardiologia 1 - Emodinamica Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare 'A. De Gasperis', ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
Arch Peru Cardiol Cir Cardiovasc
September 2023
Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara. Lima, Perú. Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Lima Perú.
Background: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at high risk of cardiac compromise with high mortality. The subclinical diagnosis may improve their survival. Longitudinal myocardial deformation (strain) has been found to be useful in evaluating cardiac function in these patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Vet Cardiol
February 2024
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) is increasingly available in the veterinary field due to continuous reduction in costs and improvement of equipment. Much like its motion-mode and bi-dimensional counterparts, acquisition and analysis of RT3DE images and datasets is greatly improved by a thorough understanding of the technological aspects, basic physic principles, and knowledge of available modalities with their advantages and drawbacks. In this review, the authors aim to describe how the currently available RT3DE technology has evolved, explain technical aspects of the equipment, and illustrate the most commonly available modalities for image acquisition and visualization.
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