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Remodeling of the brain angioarchitecture in experimental chronic neurodegeneration.
Neurobiol Dis
January 2025
Neurobiology research and drug delivery, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark. Electronic address:
Chronic neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by substantial inflammation with putative impairment of the brain vasculature also commonly observed. To address effects of chronic neurodegeneration on the regional vasculature under experimentally controlled circumstances, the glutamate receptor agonist ibotenic acid was injected into striatum of adult rats, which causes excitotoxicity in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) due to imbalance between inhibitory inputs from the striatum and excitatory signals from the subthalamic nucleus. Brains were examined at 28 days (short-term neurodegeneration) and 91 days (long-term neurodegeneration) and analyzed for vascular remodeling taking both 2D and 3D approaches, the latter involving confocal microscopy of optically cleared samples combined with machine learning-based image analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClassics in Chemical Neuroscience: Muscimol.
ACS Chem Neurosci
September 2024
Bioactive Heterocycles Synthesis Laboratory (BHSL), Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
Muscimol () is a psychoactive isoxazole present in various mushrooms, along with ibotenic acid and muscarine. It is structurally related to GABA and acts as a GABA agonist with great affinity. Muscimol use dates back to Siberian shamanic cultures as an entheogen, where it was ingested orally to exert psychoactive effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of hippocampal damage on pain perception in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease induced by amyloid-β and ibotenic acid injection into the hippocampus.
Physiol Behav
October 2024
Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-871, Japan.
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) present with a variety of symptoms, including core symptoms as well as behavioral and psychological symptoms. Somatosensory neural systems are generally believed to be relatively unaffected by AD until late in the course of the disease; however, somatosensory perception in patients with AD is not yet well understood. One factor that may complicate the assessment of somatosensory perception in humans centers on individual variations in pathological and psychological backgrounds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBilateral insular cortical lesions reduce sensitivity to the adverse consequences of acute ethanol intoxication in Pavlovian conditioning procedures.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken)
August 2024
Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates how the insular cortex (IC) influences rats' sensitivity to the negative effects of ethanol, particularly in terms of conditioned taste (CTA) and place avoidance (CPA) responses.
- - Rats with lesions in the IC showed weaker responses to ethanol, failing to demonstrate significant avoidance behaviors compared to neurologically intact rats, indicating the IC's crucial role in processing these adverse effects.
- - Findings suggest that proper functioning of the IC is essential for detecting and responding to the negative sensations associated with ethanol consumption, which might be affected by chronic alcohol use.
Thermoregulatory pathway underlying the pyrogenic effects of prostaglandin E in the lateral parabrachial nucleus of male rats.
Acta Pharmacol Sin
September 2024
Key Laboratory of Thermoregulation and Inflammation of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China.
Article Synopsis
- - The study explores how prostaglandin E (PGE) in the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) affects fever, focusing on its effect on the preoptic area (POA) in male rats.
- - Results showed that PGE injection into the LPBN increased c-Fos-positive neuron density in the median preoptic area (MnPO) and that impairing the LPBN-MnPO pathway reduced fever response, highlighting the importance of this pathway.
- - Additionally, the EP3 receptor was identified as crucial for PGE-induced fever; while PGE affected excitatory and inhibitory neurons differently in the LPBN, the changes in neuronal activity helped regulate body temperature responses.
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