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An efficient, amine-specific iTRAQ labeling method improves the peptide and protein identification rates.

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Isotope tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) are among the most widely used proteomics quantification techniques. These tags can be rapidly coupled to the primary amines of proteins/peptides through chemical reactions under mild conditions, making this technique universally applicable to any kind of sample. However, iTRAQ reagents also partially react with the hydroxyl groups of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues, particularly when these residues coexist with a histidine residue in the same peptide.

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Introduction: Autoimmune disorders often exhibit interconnectedness, although encountering multiple autoimmune conditions in a single patient is uncommon. Multiple autoimmune syndrome is characterized by the presence of at least three distinct autoimmune diseases in an individual. This report outlines the case of a middle-aged woman diagnosed with autoimmune thyroiditis, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and antisynthetase syndrome.

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Tandem mass tags (TMT) are one of the most widely used techniques in proteomics quantification due to their ability to accurately and precisely analyze up to 18 samples in a multiplexed manner. Moreover, TMT tags are introduced chemically by covalent coupling of the primary amines of digested proteins, making them universally applicable for any kind of sample. However, in addition to amine groups, the hydroxyl groups of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues can also be labeled to some extent during TMT labeling, which compromises the analytical sensitivity and results in lower peptide identification rates compared to label-free methods.

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