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Recent advances in hepatitis E virus research and the Japanese clinical practice guidelines for hepatitis E virus infection.
Hepatol Res
August 2024
Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
Acute hepatitis E was considered rare until reports emerged affirming the existence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 3 and 4 infections in Japan in the early 2000s. Extensive studies by Japanese researchers have highlighted the pivotal role of pigs and wild animals, such as wild boars and deer, as reservoirs for HEV, linking them to zoonotic infections in Japan. Currently, when hepatitis occurs subsequent to the consumption of undercooked or grilled pork, wild boar meat, or offal (including pig liver and intestines), HEV infection should be considered.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsight on the hepatitis B virus and host immune mechanisms in the context of occult hepatitis.
Egypt J Immunol
January 2024
General Medicine Practice Program, Department of Physiology, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia.
Hepatitis B virus infection is the 10th leading cause of death around the world. Occult HBV infection (OBI) represents those with a viral load of < 104 IU/ml. Among permanent blood recipients, OBI appears to be the most common cause of posttransfusion hepatitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLeveraging Donor Populations to Study the Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Transfusion-Transmitted and Emerging Infectious Diseases.
Transfus Med Rev
October 2023
ImpactLife Blood Services, Davenport, IA, USA.
The tragedy of transfusion-associated hepatitis and HIV spurred a decades-long overhaul of the regulatory oversight and practice of blood transfusion. Consequent to improved donor selection, testing, process control, clinical transfusion practice and post-transfusion surveillance, transfusion in the United States and other high-income countries is now a very safe medical procedure. Nonetheless, pathogens continue to emerge and threaten the blood supply, highlighting the need for a proactive approach to blood transfusion safety.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHepatitis C and Thalassemia: A Story with (Almost) a Happy Ending.
Pathogens
May 2023
Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, Via Jenner Sn, 09121 Cagliari, Italy.
Donor screening has nearly eliminated the risk of hepatitis C virus post-transfusion transmission in resource-rich settings. Moreover, the use of direct antiviral agents made it possible to treat the majority of patients with thalassemia and hepatitis C. However, this achievement, while extremely significant, does not erase the effects of the virus in terms of fibrogenesis and mutagenic risk, and adult patients with thalassemia are facing the long-term consequences of the chronic infection both on the liver and extrahepatically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevalence of Asymptomatic Malaria Parasitemia among Blood Donors in Cape Coast, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study.
J Trop Med
January 2023
Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Laboratory Department, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana.
Background: Malaria is an important transfusion-associated infection in many parts of the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where it is endemic. We studied the prevalence of malaria parasites among blood donors in the Cape Coast Metropolitan Area.
Methods: A malaria parasite examination was added to the blood donor screening protocol for 240 voluntary and replacement blood donors (224 males and 16 females) between December 2020 and July 2021.
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