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LLMs, Truth, and Democracy: An Overview of Risks.
Sci Eng Ethics
January 2025
Department of Philosophy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
While there are many public concerns about the impact of AI on truth and knowledge, especially when it comes to the widespread use of LLMs, there is not much systematic philosophical analysis of these problems and their political implications. This paper aims to assist this effort by providing an overview of some truth-related risks in which LLMs may play a role, including risks concerning hallucination and misinformation, epistemic agency and epistemic bubbles, bullshit and relativism, and epistemic anachronism and epistemic incest, and by offering arguments for why these problems are not only epistemic issues but also raise problems for democracy since they undermine its epistemic basis- especially if we assume democracy theories that go beyond minimalist views. I end with a short reflection on what can be done about these political-epistemic risks, pointing to education as one of the sites for change.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn integrative review: Human chemosensory communication in the parent-child relationship.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev
October 2023
Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Site Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany.
Body odors serve as signals of kinship, with parents exhibiting a preference for the scent of their infants, and vice versa. The reciprocal perception of body odors can promote bonding through two mechanisms. Firstly, as an indirect pathway, through associative chemosensory learning, which leads to changes in proximity-seeking behaviors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUncovering Female Child Sexual Offenders-Needs and Challenges for Practice and Research.
J Clin Med
March 2019
Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg⁻Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
This article provides a short literature overview on female child sexual offenders (FCSO) focusing on the discrepancy between prevalence rates from different sources, characteristics of FCSO and their victims, as well as the societal "culture of denial" surrounding these women. FCSO are a powerful social taboo. Even professionals in the healthcare or justice system were shown to respond inappropriately in cases of child sexual abuse committed by women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImplications of the Memory Controversy for Clinical PracticeAn Overview of Treatment Recommendations and Guidelines.
J Child Sex Abus
October 2012
, The Psychiatric Institute of Washington, 5225 Winconsin Ave., NW, Suite 513, Washington, DC, 20037,
The controversy surrounding delayed and recovered memories of incest/child sexual abuse has had a profound impact on clinical practice. This article first provides an overview of the positions taken by both sides in the dispute, the “false memory” proponents and the traumatic stress proponents. It then presents the major findings of several of the professional task forces charged with reviewing the controversy and arriving at recommendations for research, clinical practice, and forensic practice regarding delayed recall of memories for sexual abuse.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChild sexual abuse in Tanzania and Kenya.
Child Abuse Negl
August 2004
Department of Social Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Mountjoy Square, Dublin 1, Ireland.
Objective: Most research on child abuse in Tanzania and Kenya is unpublished in the international literature. The purpose of this paper is to examine the various commentaries and reports extant, toward an overview of the nature and frequency of child sexual abuse in Tanzania and Kenya.
Methods: Contacts were made with academics, government departments, NGOs, and UN agencies.
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