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Targeted Therapy for Severe Sjogren's Syndrome: A Focus on Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Departments of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the infiltration of lymphocytes on salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in their dysfunction. Patients suffering from severe pSS have an increased risk of developing multi-organ dysfunction syndrome due to the development of systemic inflammatory response, which results in immune cell-driven injury of the lungs, kidneys, liver, and brain. Therapeutic agents that are used for the treatment of severe pSS encounter various limitations and challenges that can impact their effectiveness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMononuclear Phagocytes, Cellular Immunity, and Nobel Prizes: A Historic Perspective.
Cells
August 2024
Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
The mononuclear phagocyte system includes monocytes, macrophages, some dendritic cells, and multinuclear giant cells. These cell populations display marked heterogeneity depending on their differentiation from embryonic and bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors, tissue location, and activation. They contribute to tissue homeostasis by interacting with local and systemic immune and non-immune cells through trophic, clearance, and cytocidal functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAge-related epithelial defects limit thymic function and regeneration.
Nat Immunol
September 2024
Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, and Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
The thymus is essential for establishing adaptive immunity yet undergoes age-related involution that leads to compromised immune responsiveness. The thymus is also extremely sensitive to acute insult and although capable of regeneration, this capacity declines with age for unknown reasons. We applied single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, lineage-tracing and advanced imaging to define age-related changes in nonhematopoietic stromal cells and discovered the emergence of two atypical thymic epithelial cell (TEC) states.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOligodendrocyte precursor cell-derived exosomes combined with cell therapy promote clinical recovery by immunomodulation and gliosis attenuation.
Front Cell Neurosci
July 2024
Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (FZEA/USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by autoimmune destruction of the myelin sheath, leading to irreversible and progressive functional deficits in patients. Pre-clinical studies involving the use of neural stem cells (NSCs) have already demonstrated their potential in neuronal regeneration and remyelination. However, the exclusive application of cell therapy has not proved sufficient to achieve satisfactory therapeutic levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic organofluorine compounds that persist indefinitely in the environment and bioaccumulate throughout all trophic levels. Biomonitoring efforts have detected multiple PFAS in the serum of most people. Immune suppression has been among the most consistent effects of exposure to PFAS.
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