The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of perimenstrual symptoms (PMS) in a free-living population of US women and to determine if prevalence estimates varied with parity, contraceptive status, characteristics of the menstrual cycle, and selected demographic variables. We identified all households from a census listing for five southeastern city neighborhoods that offered variation in racial composition and socioeconomic status. We ascertained all households in which there was one nonpregnant woman between the ages of 18 and 35 years per household. Of the 241 eligible women, 179 (74 per cent) participated in the study. Trained interviewers administered the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) and other demographic measures to women between March and July 1979. Symptoms with a prevalence greater than 30 per cent included weight gain, headache, skin disorders, cramps, anxiety, backache, fatigue, painful breasts, irritability, mood swings, depression, or tension. Only 2 to 8 per cent of women found most of these severe or disabling. The exceptions were severe cramps reported by 17 per cent of women and severe premenstrual and menstrual irritability by 12 per cent. Cramps, backaches, fatigue, and tension were most prevalent during the menstruum; weight gain, skin disorders, painful breasts, swelling, irritability, mood swings, and depression were more prevalent in the premenstruum. Parity, oral contraceptive use, age, employment, education, and income were negatively associated with selected PMS. Use of an IUD, having long menstrual cycles, long menstrual flow, or heavy menstrual flow, and being able to predict the next period were positively associated with selected PMS. Race had both positive and negative effects on PMS.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.72.11.1257 | DOI Listing |
BMJ Case Rep
January 2025
Pulmonary Medicine, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
A nulliparous woman in her late 30s with a history of pericardial patch repair for atrial septal defect and completed treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis 9 years ago presented with chest pain, breathlessness and abdominal pain. Radiological imaging revealed right-sided pneumothorax, pneumopericardium and pneumoperitoneum for which an intercostal drain (ICD) was placed. A contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen showed a distal stomach perforation, which was managed conservatively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Fluctuations in progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) across the menstrual cycle can exert direct effects on biological systems implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders and represent a key biological source of variability in affective, cognitive, and behavioral disorders. Although these cyclical symptoms may be most readily identified when they occur exclusively in relation to the menstrual cycle, as in DSM-5 premenstrual dysphoric disorder, symptom changes of similar magnitude occur in a larger proportion of people with ongoing psychiatric disorders. Studies investigating cyclical regulation of brain and behavior often produce inconsistent results, which may be attributed to a lack of focus on specific hormonal events and individual differences in related sensitivities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Womens Health
August 2024
Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Str. 20, Heidelberg, 69115, Germany.
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