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The multifaceted role of XCL1 in health and disease.
Protein Sci
February 2025
Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
The chemokine XC motif chemokine ligand 1 (XCL1) is an unusually specialized member of a conserved family of around 50 small, secreted proteins that are best known for their ability to stimulate the directional migration of cells. All chemokines adopt a very similar folded structure that binds a specific G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), and most chemokines bind extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans, often in a dimeric or oligomeric form. Owing in part to the lack of a disulfide bond that is conserved in all other chemokines, XCL1 interconverts between two distinct structures with distinct functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn orphan viral genome with unclear evolutionary status sheds light on a distinct lineage of flavi-like viruses infecting plants.
Virus Evol
January 2025
Institute of Western Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China.
Advancements in high-throughput sequencing and associated bioinformatics methods have significantly expanded the RNA virus repertoire, including novel viruses with highly divergent genomes encoding "orphan" proteins that apparently lack homologous sequences. This absence of homologs in routine sequence similarity search complicates their taxonomic classification and raises a fundamental question: Do these orphan viral genomes represent viruses? In 2022, an orphan viral genome encoding a large polyprotein was identified in alfalfa () and thrips (), and named Snake River alfalfa virus (SRAV). SRAV was initially proposed as an uncommon flavi-like virus identified in a plant host distantly related to family .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUncommon metastatic journey: unusual breast metastases of medullary thyroid carcinoma: a case report.
BMC Womens Health
January 2025
Department of Surgical Oncology, Salah Azaiez Institute, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Boulevad 9 Avril Bab Saadoun 1006, Tunis, Tunisia.
Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a neuroendocrine tumor derived from thyroid C-cells. It is a rare aggressive tumor, known to metastasize to lymph nodes, liver, bones, and lungs. We report a case of a young patient with a family history of breast cancer, who developed breast metastases six months post-treatment for medullary thyroid carcinoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant mitochondrial and plastid genomes have exceptionally slow rates of sequence evolution, and recent work has identified an unusual member of the gene family ("plant ") as being instrumental in preventing point mutations in these genomes. However, the eXects of disrupting -mediated DNA repair on "germline" mutation rates have not been quantified. Here, we used mutation accumulation (MA) lines to measure mutation rates in mutants and matched wild type (WT) controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe OnSPN2 from the nipa palm hispid beetle Octodonta nipae is a multipurpose defense tool against proteases from different peptidase families.
Insect Sci
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
Serpins (serine protease inhibitors) constitute a superfamily of proteins with functional diversity and unusual conformational flexibility. In insects, serpins act as multiple inhibitors, by forming inactive acyl-enzyme complexes, in regulating Spätzles activation, phenoloxidases (POs) activity, and other cytokines. In this study, we present the cloning and characterization of Octodonta nipae serpin2 (OnSPN2), a 415 residues protein homologous to Tenebrio molitor 42Dd-like.
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