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Minimally invasive biomarkers for triaging lung nodules-challenges and future perspectives.
Cancer Metastasis Rev
January 2025
Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics (IBG), Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Australia.
CT chest scans are commonly performed worldwide, either in routine clinical practice for a wide range of indications or as part of lung cancer screening programs. Many of these scans detect lung nodules, which are small, rounded opacities measuring 8-30 mm. While the concern about nodules is that they may represent early lung cancer, in screening programs, only 1% of such nodules turn out to be cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistone methyltransferase KMT2A promotes pulmonary fibrogenesis via targeting pro-fibrotic factor PU.1 in fibroblasts.
Clin Transl Med
February 2025
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibrotic disease driven by both environmental and genetic factors. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype that do not involve alterations to DNA sequence. KMT2A is a member of the SET family which catalyses H3K4 methylation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Perspective on Lung Cancer and Lung Microbiome: Insight on Immunity.
Immun Inflamm Dis
February 2025
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran.
Background: Although the carcinogenic potential of microbes has long been recognized, their significance may have been underestimated. Currently, the connection between microbiota and cancer is under extensive research. The lung microbiota may serve as a proxy for the state of lung health based on its crucial role in preserving lung hemostasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacological effects of osimertinib on a chicken chorioallantoic membrane xenograft model with the EGFR exon-19-deleted advanced NSCLC mutation.
FEBS Open Bio
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology-Physiology-Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) affects 10-50% of patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Osimertinib is a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that radically changes the outcome of patients with tumors bearing EGFR sensitizing or EGFR T790M resistance mutations. However, resistance usually occurs, and new therapeutic combinations need to be explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutomating the optimization of proton PBS treatment planning for head and neck cancers using policy gradient-based deep reinforcement learning.
Med Phys
January 2025
Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Background: Proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) treatment planning for head and neck (H&N) cancers is a time-consuming and experience-demanding task where a large number of potentially conflicting planning objectives are involved. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has recently been introduced to the planning processes of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and brachytherapy for prostate, lung, and cervical cancers. However, existing DRL planning models are built upon the Q-learning framework and rely on weighted linear combinations of clinical metrics for reward calculation.
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