An example of chocked disk of 3-4 diopters (right eye) and 4-5 diopters (left eye) in a patient with cerebral alteration (encephalomalacia respectively bleeding) suffering from polycythemia vera is discussed in the light of own observation, literature, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapy. An internal treatment by radioactive phosphorus and blood-letting gave restitutio fere ad integrum.

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