The ganglioside composition of thymuses from pigs of different age, of embryonal human thymus and of thymus from newborns was studied. Pig thymus was found to contain 8 ganglioside fractions, i. e. N-acetyl- and N-glycoloylneuraminosyllactosylceramides (GM3), N-acetyl- and N-glycoloylneuraminosylgangliotetraosylceramides (GM1), (N-acetylneuraminosyl, N-glycoloylneuraminosyl)- and di(N-glycoloylneuraminosyl)lactosylceramides (GD3), N-glycoloylneuraminosylgangliotriaosylceramide (GM2) and a fucoganglioside. The ganglioside spectrum of pig thymus did not change with ageing. In embryonal human thymus and in thymus of newborns four ganglioside fractions were determined, i.e. GM3, N-acetylneuraminosylneolactotetraosylceramide GM2 and GD3. A comparison of the experimental results with literature data suggests that ganglioside GD3 is a marker of immature lymphoid cells displaying a marked phylogenetic stability.
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