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Dog skull shape challenges assumptions of performance specialization from selective breeding.
Sci Adv
January 2025
Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
Through selective breeding, humans have driven exceptional morphological diversity in domestic dogs, creating more than 200 recognized breeds developed for specialized functional tasks such as herding, protection, and hunting. Here, we use three-dimensional reconstructions of dog skulls to ask whether these function-oriented kennel-club groups reflect differences in morphology that correspond to those functions. We analyzed 117 canid skulls, representing 40 domestic dog breeds and 18 wild subspecies, using geometric morphometric techniques and -means clustering.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevalence and morphology of middle mesial canals in mandibular first molars and their relationship with anatomical aspects of the mesial root: a CBCT analysis.
BMC Oral Health
January 2025
Department of Endodontics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
Background: This study aims to investigate the prevalence and morphology of middle mesial canal (MMC) in mandibular first molar (M1M) among a Northwestern Chinese population, and to analyze their relationship with anatomical aspects of the mesial root.
Methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was utilized to evaluate 898 M1Ms and assess the incidence and morphology of MMC. The following parameters for M1M with or without MMC were obtained: the vertical distance between the first appearance of MMC and canal orifices (D), the distance between mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) canals (D1), the buccolingual width(L1) and mesiodistal width (L2) of mesial roots, and the flatness degree(L1/L2) of mesial roots.
Skull bone marrow and skull meninges channels: redefining the landscape of central nervous system immune surveillance.
Cell Death Dis
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.
The understanding of neuroimmune function has evolved from concepts of immune privilege and protection to a new stage of immune interaction. The discovery of skull meninges channels (SMCs) has opened new avenues for understanding central nervous system (CNS) immunity. Here, we characterize skull bone marrow and SMCs by detailing the anatomical structures adjacent to the skull, the differences between skull and peripheral bone marrow, mainstream animal processing methods, and the role of skull bone marrow in monitoring various CNS diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSellar spine: a rare midline osseous spur.
BMJ Case Rep
January 2025
Radiology Department, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago.
A sellar spine is a rare midline osseous spur, which arises from the dorsum sellae and projects into the pituitary fossa. It can be found incidentally on imaging or may present with symptoms related to optic chiasm compression or hormonal disturbances.Herein, we present the case of an incidentally detected sellar spine in a patient presenting with sudden onset headaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMorphometric analysis of the greater palatine foramen: a CBCT study in Portugal.
Surg Radiol Anat
January 2025
Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Purpose: The greater palatine foramen (GPF) represents the inferior opening of the greater palatine canal and is located posterolaterally on both sides of the hard palate. The aim of this study is to morphometrically characterise the GPF and to determine its anatomical relationships in a Portuguese population.
Methods: A retrospective study was performed based on the clinical records which included all permanent teeth erupted and a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the entire maxilla.
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