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Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) play a key role in the field of nanomedicine due to their fascinating plasmonic properties as well as their great biocompatibility. An intriguing application is the use of plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) mediated by anisotropic AuNPs irradiated with a near-infrared (NIR) laser for treating ocular diseases in ophthalmology. For this purpose, bipyramidal-shaped AuNPs (BipyAu), which were surface-functionalized with three different organic ligands (citrate, polystyrene sulphonate (PSS), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)), were synthesized.

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X-ray diffraction is ideal for probing the sub-surface state during complex or rapid thermomechanical loading of crystalline materials. However, challenges arise as the size of diffraction volumes increases due to spatial broadening and because of the inability to deconvolute the effects of different lattice deformation mechanisms. Here, we present a novel approach that uses combinations of physics-based modeling and machine learning to deconvolve thermal and mechanical elastic strains for diffraction data analysis.

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Laser surface alloying of Fe, Si, and C on aluminium is demonstrated using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser as the source of energy. The fundamental wavelength of the laser beam was 1064 nm with an output energy of 100 mJ and a pulse duration of 10 ns. The exposure was conducted in repetitive mode with a frequency rate of 1 Hz.

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Activating H molecules into atomic hydrogen and utilizing their intrinsic chemical reactivity are important processes in catalytic hydrogenation. Here, we have developed a plasma-catalyst combined system that directly provides atomic hydrogen from the gas phase to the catalytic reaction to utilize the high energy and translational freedom of atomic hydrogen. In this system, we show that the temperature of CO methanation over Ni/AlO can be dramatically lower compared to thermal catalysis.

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Mechanochemistry and mechanocatalysis are gaining increasing attention as environmentally friendly chemical processes because of their solvent-free nature and scalability. Significant effort has been devoted for studying continuum-scale phenomena in mechanochemistry, such as temperature and pressure gradients, but the atomic-scale mechanisms remain relatively unexplored. In this work, we focus on the mechanochemical reduction of MoO as a case study.

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