Water consumption was measured on 12 groups of 75 straight run day-old Leghorn-type chicks. For 2 years the consumption was measured on a per day basis for the first week. Control waterers were set up in the floor pens to measure evaporation. Feed consumption averaged 6.9 kg per pen for the week. Average water consumption in liters/1000 chicks/day for the first 7 days was as follows, respectively: 8.5, 8.6, 11.4, 11.9, 13.1, 15.5, 16.4. These values are slightly less than the National Research Council (1977) values and considerably less than other reported values.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0620561 | DOI Listing |
Nicotine Tob Res
January 2025
University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL.
Introduction: Prior research shows that in-person exposure to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use increases desire for cigarettes and ENDS. However, less is known about the impact of cues delivered during remote interactions. This study extends previous in-person cue work by leveraging a remote confederate-delivered cue-delivery paradigm to evaluate the impact of dual nicotine vaping (vs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Aims: Military veterans demonstrate high rates of heavy drinking and insomnia, but few if any studies have tested real-world, daily associations between sleep and alcohol use within this population. Moreover, although daily diary and experimental studies among civilians have found negative associations between alcohol use and sleep, these patterns change with consecutive days of drinking and may differ for those with insomnia. This study measured (a) acute and cumulative day-level associations between sleep and alcohol use among heavy-drinking US veterans and (b) the extent to which insomnia moderates these associations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Coll Physicians Surg Pak
January 2025
Department of Anaesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkiye.
Objective: To test the short and long-term effects of consuming carbohydrate-rich beverages on patient-centred outcomes after caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia.
Study Design: A prospective randomised controlled study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karaman Training and Research Hospital, Karaman, Turkiye, between May 2023 and February 2024.
Anal Methods
November 2017
Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, India.
Functionalized polymer membrane electrodes based multichannel sensor is used as an electronic tongue to monitor the drinking water (DW) quality simply by measuring the surface electric potential with respect to Ag/AgCl reference electrode in 1 mM aqueous KCl. Changes of minute concentration of dissolved minerals greatly affected the surface potential of the sensor. The three-channel sensor device (electronic tongue) is made by using three different functionalized polymer membrane electrodes, namely, phosphorylated hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride modified polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylic acid membrane; phosphorylated and crosslinked polyvinyl--ethylene membrane; phosphorylated and crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol membrane, as working electrodes and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAliment Pharmacol Ther
January 2025
MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Background: The current subclassification of steatotic liver disease (SLD) relies on validated questionnaires, such as Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Lifetime Drinking History (LDH), which, while useful, are impractical and lack precision for their use in routine clinical practice. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a quantitative, objective alcohol biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity.
Aims: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of PEth for differentiating metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD) from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in a large, population-based, prospective, multiethnic cohort of individuals with overweight or obesity.
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