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Enhancing Biocide Safety of Milk Using Biosensors Based on Cholinesterase Inhibition.
Biosensors (Basel)
January 2025
Biosensors Analysis Environment Group (BAE-LBBM), Université de Perpignan, Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Cedex, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
A sensitive and reliable electrochemical biosensor for the detection of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), the most commonly used disinfectant biocides in the agri-food industry, is described. Acetylcholinesterase from (DM AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase from horse serum (BChE) were immobilized by entrapment in a photocrosslinkable polymer on the surface of carbon screen-printed electrodes. Preliminary tests conducted in phosphate buffer showed limits of detection (LODs) of 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegrative assessment of mixture toxicity of household chemicals using the toxic unit approach and mode of action.
Toxicology
January 2025
College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Household chemicals used daily are often combined, leading to inhalation exposure to mixtures. However, methods for assessing their toxic effects are limited. This study proposes an in vitro assay strategy for evaluating household chemical mixtures using benzalkonium chloride (BKC) and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), a common disinfectant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNosocomial , , , and : Sensitivity to Chlorhexidine-Based Biocides and Prevalence of Efflux Pump Genes.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
The widespread use of disinfectants and antiseptics has led to the emergence of nosocomial pathogens that are less sensitive to these agents, which in combination with multidrug resistance (MDR) can pose a significant epidemiologic risk. We investigated the susceptibility of nosocomial , , , and to a 0.05% chlorhexidine (CHX) solution and a biocidal S7 composite solution based on CHX (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResearch review and transcriptomic insights into Benzalkonium chloride inhalation and disease association.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
January 2025
College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea. Electronic address:
The widespread use of disinfectants, particularly during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, has significantly increased human exposure to biocides, raising concerns about their potential health risks, especially when inhaled. Benzalkonium chloride (BKC), a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used as a disinfectant and preservative, is a notable example because it is frequently used in household products and medical settings. Despite its broad usage, limited research has been conducted on the respiratory and systemic toxicities of BKC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInhibition of biofilm formation and preformed biofilm in by resveratrol, chlorhexidine and benzalkonium: modulation of efflux pump activity.
Front Microbiol
December 2024
Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Introduction: The persistence of in the contaminated environment is sustained by tolerance to biocides and ability to growth as biofilm. The aim of the study was to analyze the susceptibility of biofilms to chlorhexidine (CHX) and benzalkonium (BZK) biocides and the ability of natural monomeric stilbenoid resveratrol (RV) to modulate the phenomenon.
Methods: Biofilm formation and preformed biofilm were tested by Crystal violet and tetrazolium salt reduction assay, respectively.
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