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Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) has recently gained recognition as an effective alternative to breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessing breast lesions, offering both morphological and functional imaging capabilities. However, the phenomenon of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) remains a critical consideration, as it can affect the interpretation of images by obscuring or mimicking lesions. While the impact of BPE has been well-documented in MRI, limited data are available regarding the factors influencing BPE in CEM and its relationship with breast cancer (BC) characteristics.

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Assessing asymmetric enhancement on breast MRI: Besting the diagnostic challenge with imaging and clinical clues.

Curr Probl Diagn Radiol

January 2025

Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson AZ 85724, USA; Banner University Medical Center Tucson, 1625 N Campbell Ave, Tucson AZ 85719, USA.

Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the highest sensitivity for breast cancer detection compared to other breast imaging modalities such as mammography and ultrasound. As a functional modality, it captures the increased angiogenic activity of breast cancer through gadolinium-based contrast enhancement. Normal breast tissue also enhances, albeit in distinct patterns termed background parenchymal enhancement (BPE).

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Background parenchymal enhancement in CEM and MRI: Is there always a high agreement?

Eur J Radiol

December 2024

Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1180, Austria.

Introduction: Background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) refers to the physiological enhancement of breast fibroglandular tissue. This study aimed to determine the agreement of BPE evaluation between contrast enhanced mammography (CEM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and investigate potential confounders.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective, IRB-approved study included women recalled from screening or with inconclusive findings on mammography and/or ultrasound, who underwent both CEM and MRI between 2018 and 2022.

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Pulmonary lysyl oxidase expression and its role in seeding Lewis lung carcinoma cells.

Clin Exp Metastasis

December 2024

Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center 540F, University of Missouri, 1201 E Rollins, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.

Copper promotes tumor growth and metastasis through a variety of mechanisms, most notably as a cofactor within the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of secreted cuproenzymes. Members of this family, which include LOX and LOX-like enzymes LOXL1-4, catalyze the copper-dependent crosslinking of collagens and elastin within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Elevated LOX expression is associated with higher incidence and worse prognosis in multiple cancers, including colorectal, breast, pancreatic, and head and neck.

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The "Pfizer Boob Job": A Case of Unexplained Gigantomastia.

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open

December 2024

From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

True parenchymal breast changes following COVID-19 vaccination are exceedingly rare. Equally rare are incidences of pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH)-associated gigantomastia. The patient in this case report presented with both occurrences and experienced massive breast enlargement 1 week postadministration of the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, which worsened after her second dose.

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