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First branchial cleft anomalies in children: long-term outcome in 16 patients.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

January 2025

Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Introduction: First branchial cleft anomalies (FBCA) are rare congenital head and neck malformations, often subject to incorrect diagnosis and treatment. We present our experience with FBCA, focusing on clinical presentation, diagnosis, perioperative relation to the facial nerve, surgical approach, complications and patient satisfaction.

Methods: A consecutive cohort of 16 patients undergoing surgical treatment for FBCA between 1999 and 2021 was analyzed.

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[The connection between back pain and obesity].

Orthopadie (Heidelb)

January 2025

Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Handchirurgie, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Lutherplatz 40, 47805, Krefeld, Deutschland.

Background: Obesity is increasingly being recognized as a significant risk factor for the development and worsening of back pain. In order to make possible adjustments to therapies and lifestyle, the relationship must first be understood.

Method: This article attempts to explain the relationship between obesity and back pain based on the existing literature.

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SN1-type alkylating reagents generate O6-methylguanine (meG) lesions that activate the mismatch repair (MMR) response. Since post-replicative MMR specifically targets the nascent strand, meG on the template strand is refractory to rectification by MMR and, therefore, can induce non-productive MMR reactions. The cycling of futile MMR attempts is proposed to cause DNA double-strand breaks in the subsequent S phase, leading to ATR-checkpoint-mediated G2 arrest and apoptosis.

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Unlabelled: Many animals contain a species-rich and diverse gut microbiota that likely contributes to several host-supportive services that include diet processing and nutrient provisioning. Loss of microbiome taxa and their associated metabolic functions as result of perturbations may result in loss of microbiome-level services and reduction of metabolic capacity. If metabolic functions are shared by multiple taxa (i.

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