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Circadian rhythm disorders in the blind.
Handb Clin Neurol
January 2025
Neurology Department, Adsalutem Institute Sleep Medicine, Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Service, Sleep Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Grupo Quirónsalud, Barcelona, Spain.
Non-24-h sleep-wake disorder in blind patients without light perception is an orphan circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder and is extremely rare in sighted people. Non-24-h sleep-wake disorder is characterized by insomnia and daytime sleepiness alternating with asymptomatic episodes. The frequency of symptomatic periods depends on the daily desynchronization of endogenous circadian pattern of each patient.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvolvement of nuclear receptor corepressor 2 (NCOR2) in estrogen-induced repression of arcuate Kiss1 expression in female rats.
J Reprod Dev
January 2025
Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
Hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) kisspeptin neurons are considered the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator in rats. In virgin rats, the expression of the ARC kisspeptin gene (Kiss1) is repressed by proestrous levels of estradiol-17β (high E2) but not by diestrous levels of E2 (low E2). In lactating rats, ARC Kiss1 expression is repressed by low E2 during late lactation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of light on biological functions and human sleep.
Handb Clin Neurol
January 2025
Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
The nonvisual effects of light in humans are mainly conveyed by a subset of retinal ganglion cells that contain the pigment melanopsin which renders them intrinsically photosensitive (= intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, ipRGCs). They have direct connections to the main circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus and modulate a variety of physiological processes, pineal melatonin secretion, autonomic functions, cognitive processes such as attention, and behavior, including sleep and wakefulness. This is because efferent projections from the SCN reach other hypothalamic nuclei, the pineal gland, thalamus, basal forebrain, and the brainstem.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSex steroid disrupting effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the Persian Gulf Arabian Sea bream, Acanthopagrus arabicus: In vitro model of environmental drug contamination.
Toxicol In Vitro
January 2025
Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
The presence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems and their impact on humans and the environment are growing concerns in environmental health. This study aimed to evaluate the potential reproductive effects of diclofenac, ibuprofen, and aspirin on dissociated ovarian and testicular cells from Arabian Sea bream, Acanthopagrus arabicus. The cells were exposed to varying concentrations of the pharmaceuticals for 48 h.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic stress profoundly affects the structure and function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region critical for executive functions and emotional regulation. This review synthesizes current knowledge on stress-induced PFC plasticity, encompassing structural, functional, and molecular changes. We examine how chronic stress leads to dendritic atrophy, spine loss, and alterations in neuronal connectivity within the PFC, particularly affecting the medial PFC.
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