Because it is of the same taxonomic order as man, the squirrel monkey has been introduced as a nonhuman primate model for the study of such aspects of motion and space sickness as susceptibility, prevention, treatment, and neural mechanisms. In this study on susceptibility, the specific aims were to examine the effects of combined vertical rotation and horizontal acceleration, phenotype, sex, visual cues, morning and afternoon testing, and repeated test exposures on incidence, frequency, and latency of emetic responses. The highest emetic incidence of 89%, with an emetic frequency of 2.0, during 60 min, and a latency of 19 min from onset of testing, occurred at 25 rpm and 0.5 Hz linear acceleration. Susceptibility--defined by incidence, frequency, and/or latency of emesis--was significantly higher in Bolivian than Colombian phenotypes, in the presence of visual cues, in males, but not at different periods of the day or with two successive test exposures. Since the emetic responses were quite similar to man in the eliciting motion stimuli, it was concluded that the squirrel monkey represents a very suitable primate model for studies of motion and space sickness.
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Viral Immunol
January 2025
Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, USA.
The increasing use of immune suppressive monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of organ transplant recipients and patients with oncologic, neurological, and autoimmune diseases can lead to serious morbidity and mortality from the reactivation of viral agents that persist in humans. The squirrel monkey polyomaviruses are naturally found in Bolivian squirrel monkeys (SQM) and may be a useful model for the study of polyomavirus-associated pathogenesis and experimental treatment and prevention strategies. Two diverse groups of squirrel monkeys were given, a single dose of an anti-B cell antibody (rituximab) resulting in complete depletion of B cells (CD20+), while an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody (7 pt-3F9) resulted in a transient depletion of CD8+ lymphocytes compared with control animals (group with no infusion with either of the monoclonal antibodies).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
December 2024
Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Center for Virology, Durham, NC, USA.
Herpesviruses, including the oncogenic Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), must bypass host DNA sensing mechanisms to establish infection. The first viral latency protein expressed, EBNA-LP, is essential for transformation of naïve B cells, yet its role in evading host defenses remains unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of EBNA-LP-Knockout (LPKO)-infected B cells, we reveal an antiviral response landscape implicating the 'speckled proteins' as key restriction factors countered by EBNA-LP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Zoo Wildl Med
December 2024
San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, San Diego, CA 92112, USA.
Yersiniosis due to can be associated with high morbidity and mortality in various species and has been a cosmopolitan management challenge in zoological institutions. This gram-negative, environmental bacterium thrives in cold, wet conditions and poses a risk to zoo species. Outbreaks can be costly and impact conservation efforts through loss of threatened and endangered species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Pathol
December 2024
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX.
Neoplasms are only sporadically reported in New World primates and rarely in owl monkeys (), specifically. Previous reports of neoplasms in owl monkeys are primarily restricted to lymphoma induced by infection, although other tumors in the central nervous, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and endocrine systems have been sporadically reported. Herein, we describe 3 previously unreported neoplasms in owl monkeys () including a pericardial mesothelioma in a 6-year-old male, a nephroblastoma in a 2-year-old male, and a cervical neoplasm with characteristics of an epithelioid trophoblastic tumor in a 4-year-old female, all occurring in the same closed breeding colony at a research facility in central Texas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimals (Basel)
November 2024
Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
Mixed-species groups have been recorded in various primates, including tufted capuchin and squirrel monkeys. Measures of their 'groupness' are typically based on factors such as group stability, social interactions, proximity, or behavioural coordination. Social network analysis has become a useful tool for quantifying relationships among group-living individuals.
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